pharmjournalРазработка и регистрация лекарственных средствDrug development & registration2305-20662658-5049LLC «CPHA»10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4-96-116pharmjournal-1070Research ArticleФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGYПрименение ультразвука в экстракции биологически активных соединений из растительного сырья, применяемого или перспективного для применения в медицине (обзор)The Use of Ultrasound in the Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Plant Raw Materials, Used or promising for Use in Medicine (Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-3223ЕлаповА. А.ElapovA. A.

Елапов Александр Александрович

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Alexander A. Elapov

6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198

1042190109@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-9234КузнецовН. Н.KuznetsovN. N.

105005, Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманская, д. 5, стр. 1

Nikolay N. Kuznetsov

5/1, 2nd Baumanskaya str., Moscow, 105005

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-9266МараховаА. И.MarakhovaA. I.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Anna I. Marakhova

6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198

ФГАОУ ВО Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)РоссияPeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет) (МГТУ им. Баумана)РоссияBauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU, Bauman MSTU)Russian Federation20212411202110496116Copyright © Елапов А.А., Кузнецов Н.Н., Марахова А.И., 20212021Елапов А.А., Кузнецов Н.Н., Марахова А.И.Elapov A.A., Kuznetsov N.N., Marakhova A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1070Введение

Введение. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрено современное состояние технологий ультразвукового выделения биологически активных компонентов из лекарственного растительного сырья и растительного сырья, перспективного для использования в медицинской и косметологической практике. Основной акцент сделан на «зеленые» технологии, интенсифицирующие процессы выделения таких компонентов, как флавоноиды.

Текст

Текст. Современные технологии подразумевают использование комбинированных методов, включающих помимо ультразвука существенное измельчение сырья перед процессом экстракции, применение сверхкритических растворителей (сжиженных газов) под избыточным давлением. Также было рассмотрено влияние мощности ультразвука и температуры на выход извлекаемых компонентов.

Заключение

Заключение. 1. Для увеличения выхода биологически активных соединений из растительного сырья среди различных физических методов интенсификации экстракции, доминирует применение ультразвука. 2. Ультразвуковую экстракцию можно разделить на несколько основных типов: экстракция в ультразвуковой ванне, применение погружных ультразвуковых излучателей, а также совмещение ультразвуковой экстракции с дополнительными видами воздействия. 3. В литературных источниках наиболее полно представлены примеры использования ультразвуковой экстракции для выделения фенольных соединений, причем отмечено, что параметры необходимо подбирать индивидуально для каждого отдельного растительного объекта. 4. Мощность ультразвука и характер экстрагента могут влиять на протекания окислительных процессов в экстракте, причем такие явления характерны не только для слишком высоких мощностей, но и для низких. 5. Ультразвук может значительно повысить выход биологически активных соединений даже при водной экстракции свежего сырья. 6. Спектр выбора экстрагентов для проведения ультразвуковой экстракции растительного сырья достаточно велик. Могут применяться как органические растворители (этанол, метанол, этилацетат, ацетон), так и вода, а также смеси различных экстрагентов.

Introduction

Introduction. This review examines the current state of technology for ultrasonic isolation of biologically active components from medicinal vegetal raw materials. The main emphasis is placed on "green" technologies that intensify the processes of isolation of components such as flavonoids.

Text

Text. Modern technologies imply the use of combined methods, including, in addition to ultrasound, significant grinding of raw materials before the extraction process, the use of supercritical solvents (liquefied gases) under excessive pressure. The effect of ultrasound power and temperature on the output of the extracted components was also considered.

Conclusion

Conclusion. 1. To increase the yield of biologically active compounds from plant raw materials among various physical methods of extraction intensification, the use of ultrasound dominates. 2. Ultrasonic extraction can be divided into several main types: extraction in an ultrasonic bath, the use of submersible ultrasonic emitters, as well as the combination of ultrasonic extraction with additional types of influence. 3. In the literature, examples of the use of ultrasonic extraction for the isolation of phenolic compounds are most fully presented, it being noted that the parameters need to be selected individually for each individual plant. 4. The power of ultrasound and the nature of the extractant can affect the course of oxidative processes in the extract, and such phenomena are characteristic not only for too high capacities, but also for low ones. 5. Ultrasound can significantly increase the yield of biologically active compounds even in aqueous extraction of fresh raw materials. 6. The spectrum of extractants selection for ultrasonic extraction of plant raw materials is quite large. Both organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone) and water can be used, as well as mixtures of various extractants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.