pharmjournalРазработка и регистрация лекарственных средствDrug development & registration2305-20662658-5049LLC «CPHA»10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-1-51-58pharmjournal-1161Research ArticleПОИСК И РАЗРАБОТКА НОВЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUG PRODUCTSВирус кори как векторная платформа для иммунотерапии опухолей головного мозга (обзор)Measles Virus as a Vector Platform for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy (Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-9722НиколаеваЕ. Ю.NikolaevaE. Yu.

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9612ЩетининаЮ. Р.ShchetininaYu. R.

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8630ШохинИ. Е.ShokhinI. E.

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-2246ЗверевВ. В.ZverevV. V.

Кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии имени академика А. А. Воробьева

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

125009, Россия, Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 10

Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology named after Academician A. A. Vorobyov

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

11/10, Mokhovaya str., Moscow, 125009, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389СвитичО. А.SvitichO. A.

Кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии имени академика А. А. Воробьева

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

125009, Россия, Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 10

Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology named after Academician A. A. Vorobyov

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

11/10, Mokhovaya str., Moscow, 125009, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-7913СусоваО. Ю.SusovaO. Yu.

115478, Россия, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 23

23, Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115478, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-7342МитрофановА. А.MitrofanovA. A.

115478, Россия, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 23

23, Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115478, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-5738АммурЮ. И.AmmourYu. I.

Аммур Юлия Игоревна

105064, Россия, г. Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а

Yulia I. Ammour

5а, Malyj Kazennyj lane, Moscow, 105064, Russia

yulia.ammour@yahoo.frФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова» (ФГБНУ НИИВС им. И. И. Мечникова)Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera"ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова» (ФГБНУ НИИВС им. И. И. Мечникова); ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава РоссииFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera"; I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России (НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина)FSBI "National Medical Research Center of Oncology. N. N. Blokhin"2022230220221115158Copyright © Николаева Е.Ю., Щетинина Ю.Р., Шохин И.Е., Зверев В.В., Свитич О.А., Сусова О.Ю., Митрофанов А.А., Аммур Ю.И., 20222022Николаева Е.Ю., Щетинина Ю.Р., Шохин И.Е., Зверев В.В., Свитич О.А., Сусова О.Ю., Митрофанов А.А., Аммур Ю.И.Nikolaeva E.Y., Shchetinina Y.R., Shokhin I.E., Zverev V.V., Svitich O.A., Susova O.Y., Mitrofanov A.A., Ammour Y.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1161Введение

Введение. Одним из подходов в иммунотерапии солидных опухолей головного мозга является применение онколитических вирусов. Вакцинные штаммы вируса кори рассматривают в качестве перспективных кандидатов для терапии мезотелиомы, нейробластомы и мультиформной глиобластомы. Гиперэкспрессия рецептора CD46 и других белков на поверхности злокачественных клеток позволяет вирусу кори таргетно инфицировать и лизировать опухоль, индуцируя иммунный ответ. Однако широкая иммунизация населения и устойчивость новообразований к онколизу представляют трудности в клинической практике.

Текст

Текст. В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются подходы к модификации генома вируса кори с целью повысить таргетность виротерапии, преодолеть существующий иммунитет и усилить онколитический эффект. Показано, что экспрессия провоспалительных цитокинов на вирусных частицах приводит к регрессии опухоли у мышей и запускает Т-клеточный ответ. Для преодоления вирус-нейтрализирующих антител применяются подходы по экранированию вирусных частиц, использованию клеток-носителей и изменению эпитопа белка, обеспечивающего проникновение вируса в клетку. Кроме того, вставка репортерных генов позволяет отслеживать инфицирование таргентных клеток in vivo. Комбинация с новейшими методами иммунотерапии, такими как ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек, демонстрирует синергизм эффектов, что позволяет рассчитывать на успешное применение сочетанных подходов в терапии рефрактерных опухолей.

Заключение

Заключение. Аттенуированные штаммы вируса кори представляют собой удобную и безопасную платформу для иммунотерапии опухолей головного мозга.

Introduction

Introduction. Oncolytic virotherapy is one of the approaches in immunotherapy of solid brain tumors. Measles virus vaccine strains are prospective agents for the therapy of cancers such as neuroblastoma, mesothelioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. The hyperexpression of the CD46 and other receptors on the surface of malignant cells allows the measles virus to infect and lyse the tumor, thus inducing an immune response. However, widespread immunization of the population and the resistance of neoplasms to oncolysis present difficulties in clinical practice.

Text

Text. This review covers approaches to modifying the measles virus genome in order to increase specificity of virotherapy, overcome existing immunity, and enhance the oncolytic effect. It was shown that expression of proinflammatory cytokines on viral particles leads to tumor regression in mice and triggers a T-cell response. Several approaches have been used to overcome virus-neutralizing antibodies: shielding viral particles, using host cells, and altering the epitope of the protein that enables entry of the virus into the cell. Furthermore, the insertion of reporter genes allows the infection of target cells to be monitored in vivo. A combination with the latest immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, demonstrates synergistic effects, which suggests the successful use of combined approaches in the therapy of refractory tumors.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Measles virus attenuated strains appear to be an easy-to-modify and reliable platform for the therapy of solid brain tumors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.