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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-2-38-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОИСК И РАЗРАБОТКА НОВЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUG PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Зависимость антимикробных эффектов гуанидинсодержащих производных пектина  от некоторых структурных характеристик</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependence of Antimicrobial Effects of Guanidine-containing Pectin Derivatives from Some Structural Characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-8646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмедов</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedov</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100125, г. Ташкент, Мирзо Улугбека, д. 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83, Mirzo Ulugbek str., Tashkent, 100125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhmedov.oliy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-0026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шомуротов</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shomurotov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100125, г. Ташкент, Мирзо Улугбека, д. 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83, Mirzo Ulugbek str., Tashkent, 100125</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-9237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тураев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turaev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100125, г. Ташкент, Мирзо Улугбека, д. 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83, Mirzo Ulugbek str., Tashkent, 100125</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-9538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidarenka</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 220141, г. Минск, ул. Академика Купревича, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Akademika Kuprevich str., Minsk, 220141</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Биоорганической химии Академии Наук Республики Узбекистан</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное научное учреждение «Институт микробиологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахмедов О.Р., Шомуротов Ш.А., Тураев А.С., Сидоренко А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахмедов О.Р., Шомуротов Ш.А., Тураев А.С., Сидоренко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhmedov O.R., Shomurotov S.A., Turaev A.S., Sidarenka A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1212">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1212</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. К настоящему времени практически отсутствуют данные о взаимосвязи между биологической активностью и структурными характеристиками антимикробных полимеров, синтезируемых путем химического присоединения гуанидиновых групп к макромолекулам полисахаридов. В связи с этим обстоятельством, представляется интересным осуществление химической модификации гуанидина природными полимерами в частности полиальдегидпектином и проведение сравнительных исследований антимикробной активности полученных образцов, имеющих различные физико-химические характеристики.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Синтез гуанидинсодержащих производных пектина и установление влияния структурных вариаций, полученных образцов на проявления антимикробных свойств.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Синтез гуанидинсодержащих производных пектина состоял из следующих стадий: периодатное окисление полисахарида, модификация гуанидина посредством полиальдегидпектина и химическое восстановление азометиновых связей. Количество гуанидина в полученных образцах вычислено ацидиметрическим титрованием, содержание азота (N, %) определено с помощью элементного анализатора марки Eura EA (Italy). Значения рКα синтезированных соединений найдены методом обратного титрования. Спектры поглощения были сняты на спектрофотометре «UV 1280» (Shimadzu, Japan), в диапазоне λ = 180–400 нм. ИК-спектры записывали на спектрометре Vector-22 в области длин волн 400–4000 см-1 в таблетках KBr (3 мг образца / 300 мг KBr). Молекулярно-массовые характеристики синтезированных производных, определяли методом высокоэффективной гельпроникающей хроматографии на жидкостном хроматографе Agilent 1260 Infiniti. Острая токсичность гуанидинсодержащих производных пектина определена методом Прозоровского. Сравнительная оценка антимикробной активности проводилась методом диффузии в агар.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Варьируя степенью окисления полиальдегидпектина, синтезированы соединения, отличающиеся степенью замещения, содержанием гуанидина, молекулярной массой и значением рКα. Установлено, что выраженность антибактериальной и противогрибковой активности исследованных образцов зависит от степени замещения и природы противоиона. С увеличением количественного содержания гуанидиновых групп в макромолекулярной цепи пектина, возрастает противомикробное действие. Обнаружено, что замена низкомолекулярных Cl–, NO3– , F–, I– противоионов на карбоксилат-анионы приводит к резкому уменьшению антимикробных свойств. При пероральном введении синтезированных соединений мышам установлено, что все образцы относятся к разряду практически не токсичных веществ (V-й класс).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сравнительный анализ гуанидинсодержащих производных пектина с различными характеристиками показал, что выраженность антимикробного действия синтезированных соединений в отношении бактерий и грибов рода Candida зависит от количественного содержания катионных группировок и природы противоиона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Up to the present time, there are practically no studies on the relationship between the structural characteristics and biological activity of antimicrobial polymers synthesized by the chemical addition of guanidine groups to polysaccharide macromolecules. Therefore, there is a need to carry out the chemical modification of guanidine with natural polymers, in particular polyaldehyde pectin, and to conduct comparative studies of the antimicrobial activity of the obtained samples with different physicochemical characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct the synthesis of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives. In addition, to determine the influence of structural variations in the obtained samples on exhibiting antimicrobial properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The synthesis of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives consisted of the following stages: periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide, modification of guanidine using polyaldehyde pectin, and chemical reduction of azomethine bonds. The amount of guanidine in the obtained samples was calculated by acidimetric titration, the nitrogen content (N, %) was determined using a Eura EA (Italy) elemental analyzer. The рКα values of the synthesized compounds were found by the back titration method. Absorption spectra were analyzed on a "UV 1280" spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) in the range λ = 180–400 nm. IR spectra were recorded on a Vector-22 spectrometer in the wavelength range of 400–4000 cm-1 in KBr tablets (3 mg sample / 300 mg KBr). The molecular weight characteristics of the synthesized derivatives were determined by high-performance gel permeation chromatography on an Agilent 1260 Infiniti liquid chromatograph. The acute toxicity of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives was calculated by the Prozorovsky method. Comparative assessment of antimicrobial activity was conducted by agar diffusion method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. By varying the oxidation level of polyaldehyde pectin, synthesized compounds differ in the degree of substitution, guanidine content, molecular weight, and pKα value. It was found that the levels of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the studied samples depend on the degree of substitution and the nature of the counterion. The antimicrobial effect increases with an increase in the quantitative content of guanidine groups in the macromolecular chain of pectin. Moreover, it was found that the change of low molecular weight Cl–, NO3– , F–, I– counterions by carboxylate anions leads to a sharp decrease in antimicrobial properties. Upon oral injection of the synthesized compounds to mice, it was found that all samples belong to the category of practically non-toxic substances (V-class).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Comparative analysis of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives with different characteristics showed that the severity of the antimicrobial action of the synthesized compounds against bacteria and fungi of the genus Candida depends on the quantitative content of cationic groups and the nature of the counterion.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуанидин</kwd><kwd>полиальдегидпектин</kwd><kwd>химическая модификация</kwd><kwd>антимикробные свойства</kwd><kwd>острая токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>guanidine</kwd><kwd>polyaldehyde pectin</kwd><kwd>chemical modification</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial properties</kwd><kwd>acute toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства Инновационного развития Республики Узбекистан (проект № MRB-2021-539).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan (project No. MRB-2021-539).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aslam B., Wang W., Arshad M. 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