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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-2-87-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение влияния полимеров фармацевтического качества на растворение практически нерастворимых субстанций антиретровирусного действия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the Pharmaceutical Grade Polymers effect on the Dissolution of Practically Insoluble Antiretroviral Substances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-7615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42/24, Volgogradskiy avenue, Moscow, 109316</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-8791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-5544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42/24, Volgogradskiy avenue, Moscow, 109316</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugene.s.ponomarev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-0758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dain</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42/24, Volgogradskiy avenue, Moscow, 109316</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-1653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42/24, Volgogradskiy avenue, Moscow, 109316</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «АМЕДАРТ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC "AMEDART"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Золотов С.А., Демина Н.Б., Пономарев Е.С., Даин И.А., Золотова А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Золотов С.А., Демина Н.Б., Пономарев Е.С., Даин И.А., Золотова А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolotov S.A., Demina N.B., Ponomarev E.S., Dain I.A., Zolotova A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1221">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1221</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Многие новые фармацевтические субстанции (ФС) обладают низкой растворимостью, что может негативно сказаться на биодоступности и, как следствие, на терапевтической эффективности. К таким субстанциям относятся следующие антиретровирусные ФС: ритонавир, эфавиренз, этравирин. Для увеличения растворения ФС применяют различные подходы, например, получение твердых дисперсных систем (ТДС), носителями ФС в которых являются полимеры или использование ПАВ. Однако методы, используемые для получения ТДС, имеют ряд недостатков: использование высоких температур, органических растворителей и дорогостоящего оборудования. В свою очередь, ПАВ влияют на работу внутренних органов, обладают раздражающим действием. В качестве альтернативы данным подходам могут быть использованы фармацевтические приемлемые полимеры, более безопасные в сравнении с низкомолекулярными ПАВ, но тем не менее, обладающие поверхностно активными свойствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение влияния полимеров фармацевтического качества на растворение практически нерастворимых антиретровирусных ФС: ритонавира, эфавиренза, этравирина.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Фармацевтические субстанции: эфавиренз форма І (ООО «АМЕДАРТ», Россия, серия 010520); эфавиренз стандартный образец (USP № R09740); ритонавир форма І (ООО «АМЕДАРТ», Россия, серия 010320); ритонавир форма ІІ (ООО «АМЕДАРТ», Россия, серия 010320); ритонавир стандартный образец (USP № H0M427); этравирин форма І (ООО «АМЕДАРТ», Россия, серия 010720); этравирин стандартный образец (MSN, Индия, серия ETV/A312/6/01). Растворение субстанций в растворах полимеров изучали на аппарате «Лопастная мешалка» в условиях, рекомендуемых FDA для соответствующих лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлены факторы влияния: вид полимера, концентрация раствора полимера и рН среды. Характер влияния не однозначен: возможно как увеличение растворения субстанции, так и снижение. Некоторые полимеры, такие как гидроксипропилцеллюлоза, гидроксипропилметилцеллюлоза, Eudragit® E PO, способны существенно увеличить растворение субстанций, в то время как поливинилпирролидон способен в ряде случаев их заблокировать. Наибольшая степень увеличения растворения ритонавира, эфавиренза и этравирина установлена в растворах Eudragit® E PO.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования показали целесообразность определения биодоступности лекарственных форм практически нерастворимых фармацевтических субстанций при включении полимерных вспомогательных веществ в их рецептуры.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Many of new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have low solubility that can affect bioavailability negatively and therefore therapeutically efficacy as well. These APIs include the following antiretroviral substances: ritonavir, efavirenz, etravirine. There are various approaches to increase the dissolution of the APIs, for example, the preparation of solid dispersion systems (SDS), in which polymer is used as a drug carrier, and the other one is usage of surfactants. However, the techniques used to obtain SDS have a number of disadvantages: high temperatures, organic solvents and expensive equipment. In turn, surfactants affect the work of internal organs, have an irritating effect. Instead of these methods, they use pharmaceutical acceptable polymers, which are safer in comparison with low-molecular-weight surfactants and still act as surface-active agents.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Study of the pharmaceutical grade polymers effect on the dissolution of practically insoluble antiretroviral substances: ritonavir, efavirenz, etravirine.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. APIs: efavirenz form І (LLC "AMEDART", Russia, batch 010520); efavirenz reference standard (USP No. R09740); ritonavir form I (LLC "AMEDART", Russia, batch 010320); ritonavir form II (LLC "AMEDART", Russia, batch 010320); ritonavir reference standard(USP No. H0M427); etravirine form І (LLC “AMEDART”, Russia, batch 010720); etravirine reference standard (MSN, India, batch ETV/A312/6/01). The dissolution of substances in polymer solutions was studied using the Paddle apparatus under the conditions recommended by the FDA for the drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The nature of the effect, which is, as defined, influenced by the type of polymer, the concentration of the polymer solution and the pH of the medium, is ambivalent. Both a substance dissolution increase and a decrease are possible. Polymers, such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Eudragit® E PO, can significantly increase the dissolution of substances, while polyvinylpyrrolidone can block it in certain cases. The greatest increase in dissolution of ritonavir, efavirenz and etravirine was found in Eudragit®E PO solutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the study showed the feasibility of determining the bioavailability of dosage forms of practically insoluble APIs with the inclusion of polymer excipients in their formulations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ритонавир</kwd><kwd>эфавиренз</kwd><kwd>этравирин</kwd><kwd>растворение</kwd><kwd>вспомогательные вещества</kwd><kwd>полимеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ritonavir</kwd><kwd>efavirenz</kwd><kwd>etravirine</kwd><kwd>dissolution</kwd><kwd>excipients</kwd><kwd>polymers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Göke K., Lorenz T., Repanas A., Schneider F., Steiner D., Baumann K., Bunjes H., Dietzel A., Finke J. H., Glasmacher B., Kwade A. 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