<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-2-102-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование влияния способа получения комплексов включения грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина на их технологические показатели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the Influence of Formulation Method on Technological Parameters of Gramicidin S and β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-1667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дранников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drannikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 30; 630096, г. Томск, ул. Станционная, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Lenin аv., Tomsk, 634050; 80, Stancionnaya str., Novosibirsk, 630096</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-7863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватлин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatlin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 30; 630096, г. Томск, ул. Станционная, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Lenin аv., Tomsk, 634050; 80, Stancionnaya str., Novosibirsk, 630096</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-264X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Lenin аv., Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-4483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ди Мартино</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Di Martino</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Lenin аv., Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5505-7141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривощеков</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshchekov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moskovskiy Trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-4979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guriev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moskovskiy Trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-7945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 30; 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Lenin аv., Tomsk, 634050; 2, Moskovskiy Trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет; АО «Производственная фармацевтическая компания «Обновление»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University; JSC "PFK "Obnovlenie"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University; Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дранников А.А., Ватлин И.С., Трусова М.Е., Ди Мартино А., Кривощеков С.В., Гурьев А.М., Белоусов М.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дранников А.А., Ватлин И.С., Трусова М.Е., Ди Мартино А., Кривощеков С.В., Гурьев А.М., Белоусов М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drannikov A.A., Vatlin I.S., Trusova M.E., Di Martino A., Krivoshchekov S.V., Guriev A.M., Belousov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1223">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1223</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Антибиотик пептидной природы грамицидин С находит широкое применение протяжении более чем 70 лет. Грамицидин С выпускается в форме таблеток, которые имеют низкую дозировку, что обуславливает риск отклонения по показателю «Однородность дозирования». Содержание в таблетках лактозы и сахарозы, ограничивает применение препарата пациентами с непереносимостью данных компонентов. В качестве альтернативы предлагается образование комплексов включения грамицидина С с β-циклодекстрином.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать влияние способов получения комплексов включения грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина на их технологические показатели</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Получение комплекса включения грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина проводили с применением методов сухого смешивания, затирания в пасте, соосаждения, комплексообразования в псевдоожиженном слое. Подтверждение образования комплекса проводили, используя 1H ЯМР-спектроскопию, дифференциальную сканирующую калориметрию и термогравиметрию. Морфологию определяли с применением методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии, динамического рассеяния света. Сыпучесть, угол откоса, насыпную плотность полученных порошков определяли с применением методик, указанных в Государственной фармакопее РФ XIV издания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе работы получен ряд комплексов грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина с использованием различных способов. Термограммы комплексов включения демонстрируют значительное изменение пика в области, соответствующей фазовому переходу веществ, что явно свидетельствует о наличии взаимодействия между компонентами комплекса включения. Результаты 1Н ЯМР-спектроскопии позволили сделать вывод о комплексообразовании по аминогруппе L-орнитина в молекуле грамицидина С. При исследовании технологических свойств комплексов включения грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина, установлена значительная вариабельность их технологических параметров, что связано, в том числе, с морфологией частиц. Комплексы, полученные с использованием методов соосаждения и комплексообразования в псевдоожиженном слое, могут быть использованы в производстве таблетированных лекарственных форм грамицидина С по технологии прямого прессования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В рамках настоящего исследования установлено, что образование комплекса включения грамицидина С и β-циклодекстрина проходит по аминогруппе L-орнитина в молекуле грамицидина С. Обнаружены существенные различия размеров и формы частиц, что сказывается на значениях технологических параметров комплексов включения, получаемых с использованием различных подходов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке новых буккальных форм грамицидина С, обладающих меньшей вероятностью несоответствия по показателю «Однородность дозирования» и исключающих содержание лактозы и сахарозы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Gramicidin S is a peptide antibiotic that has been widely used for more than 70 years. Gramicidin S is available in the form of tablets with a low dosage, which leads to possible deviations in the "Uniformity of dosage" parameter during manufacturing. Another limitation is the presence of lactose and sucrose in the formulation, which limits the drug application by patients demonstrating intolerance. As an alternative, we propose inclusion complexes of gramicidin S with β-cyclodextrin.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The work aims to describe the influence of the methodology to prepare the inclusion complex on the characteristics and properties of the final product.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The gramicidin S – β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex has been prepared by dry mixing, paste complexation, co-precipitation and fluid-bed complexation. The complex formation has been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry while the morphology and size by scanning electron microscopy for the solid and dynamic light scattering for the solution. The flowability, slope angle, bulk density of the obtained powders were estimated using the methods described in Russian Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the present work, we prepared a set of gramicidin S and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by various approaches. The thermal analysis demonstrated a significant change in the peak referring to phase transition of the substances, indicating the interaction between the components. The 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the L-ornithine amino group is the part of gramicidin S involved in the complexation. Evaluating the technological properties of gramicidin S and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes significant variability, which is associated with the particle morphology. Complexes obtained using co-precipitation and fluid-bed complexation methods are more suitable for producing gramicidin S tablet production by direct compression technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Herein, we demonstrate that the formation of the gramicidin S and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex occurs through the L-ornithine amino group in the gramicidin S. In addition, depending on the method significant differences in the particle size and shape have been observed. The obtained results could provide valuable information for the development of new gramicidin S buccal formulations, which are more consistent in the "Uniformity of dosage" and allow to avoid the use of lactose and sucrose as excipients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грамицидин С</kwd><kwd>антибиотик</kwd><kwd>β-циклодекстрин</kwd><kwd>комплекс включения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gramicidin S</kwd><kwd>antibiotic</kwd><kwd>β-cyclodextrin</kwd><kwd>inclusion complex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavithrra G., Rajasekaran R. Gramicidin peptide to combat antibiotic resistance: a review. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2020;26(1):191–199. DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09828-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavithrra G., Rajasekaran R. Gramicidin peptide to combat antibiotic resistance: a review. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2020;26(1):191–199. DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09828-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenzel M., Rautenbach M., Vosloo J. A., Siersma T., Aisenbrey C. H., Zaitseva E., Laubscher W. E., van Rensburg W., Behrends J. C., Bechinger B., Hamoen L. W. The multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of the pioneering peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin S. mBio. 2018;9(5). DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00802-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenzel M., Rautenbach M., Vosloo J. A., Siersma T., Aisenbrey C. H., Zaitseva E., Laubscher W. E., van Rensburg W., Behrends J. C., Bechinger B., Hamoen L. W. The multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of the pioneering peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin S. mBio. 2018;9(5). DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00802-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahours G. M., Shaaban D. E. Z., Shazly G. A., Auda S. H. The effect of binder concentration and dry mixing time on granules, tablet characteristics and content uniformity of low dose drug in high shear wet granulation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2017;39,192–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahours G. M., Shaaban D. E. Z., Shazly G. A., Auda S. H. The effect of binder concentration and dry mixing time on granules, tablet characteristics and content uniformity of low dose drug in high shear wet granulation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2017;39,192–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Del Valle E. M. M. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochemistry. 2004;39(9):1033–1046. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00258-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Del Valle E. M. M. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochemistry. 2004;39(9):1033–1046. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00258-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conceição J., Adeoye O., Cabral-Marques H. M., Lobo J. M. S. Cyclodextrins as excipients in tablet formulations. Drug Discovery Today. 2018;23(6):1274–1284. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conceição J., Adeoye O., Cabral-Marques H. M., Lobo J. M. S. Cyclodextrins as excipients in tablet formulations. Drug Discovery Today. 2018;23(6):1274–1284. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prabu S., Samad N. A., Ahmad N. A., Jumbri K., Raoov M., Rahim N. Y., Samikannu K., Mohamad S. Studies on the supramolecular complex of a guanosine with beta-cyclodextrin and evaluation of its anti-proliferative activity. Carbohydrate research. 2020;497:108–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prabu S., Samad N. A., Ahmad N. A., Jumbri K., Raoov M., Rahim N. Y., Samikannu K., Mohamad S. Studies on the supramolecular complex of a guanosine with beta-cyclodextrin and evaluation of its anti-proliferative activity. Carbohydrate research. 2020;497:108–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alshaer W., Zraikat M., Amer A., Nsairat H., Lafi Z., Alqudah D. A., Qadi E. A., Alsheleh T., Odeh F., Alkaraki A., Zihlif M., Bustanji Y., Fattal E., Awidi A. Encapsulation of echinomycin in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes into liposomes: in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activity in glioblastoma. RSC Advances. 2019; 9(53):30976–30988. DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05636j.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alshaer W., Zraikat M., Amer A., Nsairat H., Lafi Z., Alqudah D. A., Qadi E. A., Alsheleh T., Odeh F., Alkaraki A., Zihlif M., Bustanji Y., Fattal E., Awidi A. Encapsulation of echinomycin in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes into liposomes: in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activity in glioblastoma. RSC Advances. 2019; 9(53):30976–30988. DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05636j.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conceição J., Adeoye O., Cabral-Marques H., Concheiro A., Alvarez-Lorenzo C., Lobo J. M. S. Orodispersible carbamazepine/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin tablets obtained by direct compression with five-in-one co-processed excipients. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(2):1–10. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1579-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conceição J., Adeoye O., Cabral-Marques H., Concheiro A., Alvarez-Lorenzo C., Lobo J. M. S. Orodispersible carbamazepine/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin tablets obtained by direct compression with five-in-one co-processed excipients. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(2):1–10. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1579-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demchenko D. V., Dzhayn E. A., Balaban’yan V. Yu., Makarova M. N., Makarov V. G. Development and biopharmaceutical evaluation of tablets based on the sparingly soluble substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. Drug development and registration. 2020;9(4):79–87. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-4-79-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demchenko D. V., Dzhayn E. A., Balaban’yan V. Yu., Makarova M. N., Makarov V. G. Development and biopharmaceutical evaluation of tablets based on the sparingly soluble substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. Drug development and registration. 2020;9(4):79–87. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-4-79-87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Švonja-Parezanović G., Lalić-Popović M., Goločorbin-Kon S., Todorović N., Pavlović N., Jovičić-Bata J. The effect of magnesium stearate and sodium starch glycolate on powder flowability. Acta Periodica Technologica. 2019;50:304–310. DOI: 10.2298/APT1950304S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Švonja-Parezanović G., Lalić-Popović M., Goločorbin-Kon S., Todorović N., Pavlović N., Jovičić-Bata J. The effect of magnesium stearate and sodium starch glycolate on powder flowability. Acta Periodica Technologica. 2019;50:304–310. DOI: 10.2298/APT1950304S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nachajski M. J., Bazela A., Zarzycka M., Broszczyk A., Kolba A., Kolodziejczyk M. K. Effect of API on Powder Flowability, Direct Compression and Properties of Orally Disintegrating Tablets: A Preformulation Study. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;81(3):489–495. DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nachajski M. J., Bazela A., Zarzycka M., Broszczyk A., Kolba A., Kolodziejczyk M. K. Effect of API on Powder Flowability, Direct Compression and Properties of Orally Disintegrating Tablets: A Preformulation Study. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;81(3):489–495. DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun W. J., Aburub A., Sun C. C. Particle Engineering for Enabling a Formulation Platform Suitable for Manufacturing Low-Dose Tablets by Direct Compression. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;106(7):1772–1777. DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun W. J., Aburub A., Sun C. C. Particle Engineering for Enabling a Formulation Platform Suitable for Manufacturing Low-Dose Tablets by Direct Compression. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;106(7):1772–1777. DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
