pharmjournalРазработка и регистрация лекарственных средствDrug development & registration2305-20662658-5049LLC «CPHA»10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-3-137-151pharmjournal-1296Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВANALYTICAL METHODSНормирование остаточных фосфорорганических пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье (обзор)Rationing of Residual Organophosphate Pesticides in Herbal Substances (Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-5498ФатеенковаО. В.FateenkovaO. V.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-977XСавватеевА. М.SavvateevA. M.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-5664БелобородовВ. Л.BeloborodovV. L.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-2291ГравельИ. В.GravelI. V.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)202230082022113137151Copyright © Фатеенкова О.В., Савватеев А.М., Белобородов В.Л., Гравель И.В., 20222022Фатеенкова О.В., Савватеев А.М., Белобородов В.Л., Гравель И.В.Fateenkova O.V., Savvateev A.M., Beloborodov V.L., Gravel I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1296Введение

Введение. Использование фосфорорганических пестицидов (ФОП) в сельском хозяйстве, в том числе и при выращивании лекарственных растений – необходимая мера для получения стабильного урожая. Для поддержания высокого уровня безопасности фитопрепаратов в разных странах разработаны нормативные документы, которые регламентируют предельно допустимое содержание пестицидов (в том числе и фосфорорганических) в лекарственном растительном сырье (ЛРС) и методы их анализа.

Текст

Текст. Проведено информационно-аналитическое исследование пределов допустимого содержания ФОП в ЛРС и пищевой продукции, а также методов экстрагирования и анализа этой группы пестицидов в ГФ РФ XIV, международных фармакопеях, материалах ВОЗ и нормативной документации на пищевую продукцию. Приведена физико-химическая характеристика ФОП и основной механизм их токсического действия на организм человека. Показано, что ВЭЖХ-МС и ГХ-МС являются наиболее перспективными аналитическими методами определения ФОП в ЛРС.

Заключение

Заключение. В информационно-аналитическом обзоре дана физико-химическая характеристика ФОП, описан токсический механизм действия данной группы пестицидов на человека, представлена обобщенная сводка пределов допустимого содержания ФОП в ЛРС и ряде пищевых источников. Выявлено, что в большинстве современных фармакопейных изданий нормирование содержания ФОП гармонизировано. Представлены современные способы обнаружения ФОП в ЛРС и пищевой продукции. Отмечено преимущество современного подхода нормирования ФОП в ЛРС – определение содержания индивидуального пестицида в сумме с его токсичными метаболитами. Ключевым вопросом является необходимость разработки чувствительных и селективных методик анализа ФОП в соответствии с физико-химическими свойствами данных групп пестицидов в различных видах ЛРС и фитопрепаратах.

Introduction

Introduction. Usage of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) in agriculture, including farming of medical herbs, is a necessary measure for producing regular harvest. In order to maintain an adequate degree of herbal medicines security a variety of countries developed normative documents that regulate the limits of proportion of pesticides (including OPPs) in herbal substances. These documents contain the recommended methods of residual pesticides analysis as well.

Text

Text. The article describes the recently conducted information-analytical research of limits of permissible proportion of OPPs in herbal substances and food production and of methods of extraction and analysis of OPPs mentioned in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV, international pharmacopeias, WHO information sources and the normative documents on food production. The authors specify physical-chemical characteristic of OPPs and the main mechanism of impact of this class of pesticides onto a human body. The research demonstrates that HPLC-MS and GC-MS are the most perspective analytical methods of detection of OPPs in herbal substances.

Conclusion

Conclusion. In the information-analytical review the authors specify a physical-chemical characteristics of OPPs, describe the mechanism of the toxic impact of this type of pesticides, provide the generalized summary of limits of permissible proportion of OPPs in herbal substances and in food production. The study shows that the rationing of OPPs proportion is harmonized in a majority of issues of modern pharmacopeias. The paper presents modern methods of detection of OPPs in herbal substances and food production. Finally, the authors demonstrate an advantage of the modern approach to rationing of OPPs in herbal substances (specification of presence and proportion of a single pesticide in combination with its toxic metabolites). The key issue is a necessity of developing a sensible and selective methodic of analysis of OPPs in accordance with physical-chemical properties of these types of pesticides in different kinds of herbal substances and phytopreparations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.