<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4-87-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концентрирование рения-188 для синтеза радиофармацевтических препаратов на его основе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concentration of Rhenium-188 for the Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-2840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">an-malysheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-4329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кодина</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodina</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-9393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямцева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamtseva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А. И. Бурназяна ФМБА России»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Scientific Center Federal Medical Biophysical Center Named after A. I. Burnazyan of the FMBA of Russia"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малышева А.О., Кодина Г.Е., Лямцева Е.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малышева А.О., Кодина Г.Е., Лямцева Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malysheva A.O., Kodina G.E., Lyamtseva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1362">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1362</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Радионуклид рений-188 нашел широкое применение в ядерной медицине для терапии метастатических поражений костной системы и таких заболеваний суставов, как ревматоидные артриты и синовиты. Также разрабатываются лекарственные препараты с целью паллиативного лечения гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы и другие. Сразу после проведения первых клинических исследований препаратов рения-188, когда были получены сведения о клинически эффективных дозировках по активности радионуклида, исключительно актуальным стало использование для синтеза радиофармпрепаратов растворов натрия перрената, 188Re с высокой объемной активностью и, следовательно, проведение дополнительного концентрирования раствора натрия перрената, 188Re, получаемого из генератора.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка методики концентрирования раствора натрия перрената, 188Re, полученного из генератора 188W/188Re «ГРЕН-1» (ГНЦ РФ ФЭИ им. Лейпунского, г. Обнинск, Россия) в лабораторных условиях и сравнение показателей качества полученного продукта и раствора Na188ReO4, получаемого из генератора с автоматическим модулем концентрирования NEPTIS-TH (IRE, Бельгия).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве объектов исследования использовались элюаты отечественных генераторов «ГРЕН-1», и материалы, применяющиеся в производстве и контроле качества этих генераторов, а также генератора производства Национального института радиоэлементов (IRE, Бельгия) с автоматическим модулем концентрирования NEPTIS-TH. Для контроля качества растворов натрия перрената, 188Re применялись следующие методы: радиометрия, тонкослойная хроматография, потенциометрия, потенциометрическое титрование, атомно-абсорбционная спектроскопия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Проведено исследование эффективности концентрирования элюата из генератора «ГРЕН-1» с использованием картриджей, заполненных катионитом Dowex® 50WX8 (100–200 меш) (Sigma-Aldrich, США, кат. № 217506) и Al2O3 кисл. с рН 4 (100–200 меш), и генератора IRE с использованием автоматического модуля NEPTIS-TH. Выход по рению-188 после концентрирования составил 75–85 %. В результате процесса концентрирования не происходит пропорционального увеличения содержания химических примесей, и удается получить более чистые растворы по содержанию таких металлов как Fe, Zn, Cu и других. Установлено, что при рутинном использовании генераторов значение объемной активности раствора натрия перрената, 188Re, полученного в результате концентрирования, не должно превышать 7,4–8,0 ГБк/мл.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенные исследования показали, что задача концентрирования растворов натрия перрената, 188Re с высокой объемной активностью надлежащего качества для приготовления радиофармацевтических лекарственных препаратов для радионуклидной терапии может быть решена с использованием вполне доступных материалов, а именно последовательности картриджей. Применение автоматического модуля более предпочтительно, чем использование ручной сборки последовательности картриджей, исходя из гарантированного обеспечения качества получаемого раствора натрия перрената, 188Re и снижения дозовой нагрузки на персонал. Однако проведенные исследования показали, что испытанный модуль концентрирования несовместим с отечественным генератором, поэтому предложенная для исследования система не была зарегистрирована в России. Результаты, полученные в настоящей работе, будут использованы для организации промышленного выпуска отечественных модуля и кассет в комплекте с генератором «ГРЕН-1».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Rhenium-188 has found wide application in nuclear medicine for the treatment of metastatic lesions of the skeletal system and joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and synovitis. Also, 188Re-radiopharmaceuticals are being developed for the palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and others. Immediately after the first clinical trials of 188Re-radiopharmaceuticals, when information on clinically effective administered doses for radionuclide activity was obtained, the use of sodium perrenate, 188Re solutions with high volume activity for radiopharmaceutical synthesis and, consequently, additional concentration of obtained from the generator solutions became extremely relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development of the technique for concentration of sodium perrenate, 188Re solution, obtained from the 188W/188Re generator "GREN-1" (State Research Center of the Russian Federation IPPE named after Leipunsky, Obninsk, Russia) under laboratory conditions, and comparison of the quality indicators of the resulting product and Na188ReO4 solution obtained from the generator with an automatic concentration module NEPTIS-TH (IRE, Belgium).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and method</title><p>Materials and method. The objects of this study were eluates from the 188W/188Re generator "GREN-1" manufactured by the IPPE JSC (Obninsk, Russia) and the materials used in the production and quality control of these generators, as well as the generator produced by the National Institute of Radioelements (IRE, Belgium) with an automatic concentration module NEPTIS-TH. The following methods were used to control the quality of sodium perrhenate, 188Re solutions: radiometry, thin layer chromatography, potentiometry, potentiometric titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The efficiency of concentration of the eluate from the "GREN-1" generator using cartridges filled with cation exchanger Dowex® 50WX8 (100–200 mesh) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, Cat. No. 217506) and Al2O3 with pH 4 (100–200 mesh), and the IRE generator using the automatic NEPTIS-TH module was studied. The yield of rhenium-188 after concentration was 75–85 %. As a result of the concentration process, there is no proportional increase in the content of chemical impurities, and it is possible to obtain cleaner solutions for the content of metals such as Fe, Zn, Cu and others. It was found that in the routine use of generators, the value of the volume radioactivity of the obtained concentrated sodium perrhenate, 188Re solution should not exceed 7.4–8.0 GBq/ml.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The conducted studies have shown that the task of concentration of sodium perrenate, 188Re solutions with high volume activity of appropriate quality for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide therapy can be solved using quite affordable materials, namely a sequence of cartridges. The use of an automatic module is more preferable than the use of manual assembly of a sequence of cartridges, based on the guaranteed quality assurance of the resulting sodium perrenate, 188Re solution and reducing the dose burden on personnel. However, the conducted studies have shown that the tested concentration module is incompatible with the domestic generator, so the system proposed for the study was not registered in Russia. The results obtained in this work will be used to organize the industrial production of domestic modules and cassettes in complete set with "GREN-1" generator.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рений-188</kwd><kwd>радиофармацевтические лекарственные препараты</kwd><kwd>концентрирование</kwd><kwd>генератор</kwd><kwd>контроль качества</kwd><kwd>радиохимическая чистота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhenium-188</kwd><kwd>radiopharmaceuticals</kwd><kwd>concentration</kwd><kwd>generator</kwd><kwd>quality control</kwd><kwd>radiochemical purity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kodina G., Tulskaya T., Gureev E., Brodskaya G., Gapurova O., Drosdovsky B. Production and Investigation of Rhenium-188 generator. In: Nicolini M., Bandoli G., Mazzi U., editors. Technetium and Rhenium in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine 3. New York: Cortina International-Verona-Raven Press; 1990. P. 635–641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodina G., Tulskaya T., Gureev E., Brodskaya G., Gapurova O., Drosdovsky B. Production and Investigation of Rhenium-188 generator. In: Nicolini M., Bandoli G., Mazzi U., editors. Technetium and Rhenium in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine 3. New York: Cortina International-Verona-Raven Press; 1990. P. 635–641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knapp F. F. Jr., Mirzadeh S. The continuing important role of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1994;21(10):1151–1165. DOI: 10.1007/BF00181073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knapp F. F. Jr., Mirzadeh S. The continuing important role of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1994;21(10):1151–1165. DOI: 10.1007/BF00181073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188 – a generator-derived radioisotope for cancer therapy. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. 1998;13(5):337–349. DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1998.13.337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188 – a generator-derived radioisotope for cancer therapy. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. 1998;13(5):337–349. DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1998.13.337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pillai M. R., Dash A., Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188: availability from the (188)W/(188)Re generator and status of current applications. Current Radiopharmaceuticals. 2012;5(3):228–243. DOI: 10.2174/1874471011205030228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pillai M. R., Dash A., Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188: availability from the (188)W/(188)Re generator and status of current applications. Current Radiopharmaceuticals. 2012;5(3):228–243. DOI: 10.2174/1874471011205030228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кодина Г. Е., Красикова Р. Н. Методы получения радиофармацевтических препаратов и радионуклидных генераторов для ядерной медицины. М.: Изд. дом МЭИ; 2014. 282 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodina G. E., Krasikova R. N. Methods for obtaining of radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclide generators for nuclear medicine. Moscow: Izd. dom MEI; 2014. 282 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lepareur N., Lacœuille F., Bouvry C., Hindré F., Garcion E., Chérel M., Noiret N., Garin E., Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals: Current Clinical Applications in Oncology and Promising Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:132. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lepareur N., Lacœuille F., Bouvry C., Hindré F., Garcion E., Chérel M., Noiret N., Garin E., Knapp F. F. Jr. Rhenium-188 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals: Current Clinical Applications in Oncology and Promising Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:132. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mushtaq A., Bukhari T. H., Khan I. U. Extraction of Medically Interesting &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-Perrhenate in Methyl Ethyl Ketone for Concentration Purposes. Radiochim Acta. 2007;95(9):535–537. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mushtaq A., Bukhari T. H., Khan I. U. Extraction of Medically Interesting &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-Perrhenate in Methyl Ethyl Ketone for Concentration Purposes. Radiochim Acta. 2007;95(9):535–537. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цивадзе А. Ю., Филянин А. Т., Романовский В. Н., Зыков М. П.,. Кодина Г. Е., Малышева А. О, Филянин О. А., Непомнящий О. Н. Экстракционный центробежный генератор &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re и радиофармпрепараты на его основе для радионуклидной терапии. Радиохимия. 2016;58(5):443–449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsivadze A. Yu., Filyanin A. T., Romanovskii V. N., Zykov M. P., Kodina G. E., Malysheva A. O., Filyanin O. A., Nepomnyashchii O. N. Extraction Centrifugal Generator of &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re and Radiopharmaceuticals Based on It for Radionuclide Therapy. Radiochemistry. 2016;58(5):443–449. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponsard B., Hiltunen J., Vera-Ruiz H., Beets A. L., Mirzadeh S., Knapp F. F. Jr. The Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator: Effective Coordination of Tungsten-188 Production Between the HFIR and BR2 Reactors. J Radioanalyt Nucl Chem. 2003;257:169–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponsard B., Hiltunen J., Vera-Ruiz H., Beets A. L., Mirzadeh S., Knapp F. F. Jr. The Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator: Effective Coordination of Tungsten-188 Production Between the HFIR and BR2 Reactors. J Radioanalyt Nucl Chem. 2003;257:169–174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karelin E. A., Efimov V. N., Filimonov V. T., Kusnetsov R. A., Revyakin Y. L., Andreev O. I., Zhemkov I. Y., Bukh V. G., Lebedev V. M., Spiridonov Y. N. Radionuclide Production using a Fast Flax Reactor. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2000;53(4–5):825–827. DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00236-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karelin E. A., Efimov V. N., Filimonov V. T., Kusnetsov R. A., Revyakin Y. L., Andreev O. I., Zhemkov I. Y., Bukh V. G., Lebedev V. M., Spiridonov Y. N. Radionuclide Production using a Fast Flax Reactor. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2000;53(4–5):825–827. DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00236-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodskaya G. A., Gapurova O. U. Development of a High Activity Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator. Radiochemistry. 1993;35(3):325–329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodskaya G. A., Gapurova O. U. Development of a High Activity Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator. Radiochemistry. 1993;35(3):325–329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basmonov V., Kolesnik O., Ignatova A. Rhenium-188 Chromatographic Generator and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceutical. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:1043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basmonov V., Kolesnik O., Ignatova A. Rhenium-188 Chromatographic Generator and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceutical. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:1043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knapp F. F. Continued Availability of the Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator to Enhance Therapeutic Utility of &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re. International Journal of Nuclear Medicine Research. 2017;3–15. DOI: 10.15379/2408-9788.2017.02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knapp F. F. Continued Availability of the Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator to Enhance Therapeutic Utility of &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re. International Journal of Nuclear Medicine Research. 2017;3–15. DOI: 10.15379/2408-9788.2017.02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lepareur N., Garin E., Noiret N. Herry J. Y. A kit formulation for the labelling of lipiodol with generator-produced &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. 2004;47(12):857–867. DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lepareur N., Garin E., Noiret N. Herry J. Y. A kit formulation for the labelling of lipiodol with generator-produced &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. 2004;47(12):857–867. DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh S. J., Moon D. H., Ha H. J., Park S. W., Hong M. K., Park S. J., Choi T. H., Lim S. M., Choi C. W., Knapp F. F. Jr, Lee H. K. Automation of the synthesis of highly concentrated &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-MAG3 for intracoronary radiation therapy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2001;54(3):419–427. DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00279-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh S. J., Moon D. H., Ha H. J., Park S. W., Hong M. K., Park S. J., Choi T. H., Lim S. M., Choi C. W., Knapp F. F. Jr, Lee H. K. Automation of the synthesis of highly concentrated &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-MAG3 for intracoronary radiation therapy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2001;54(3):419–427. DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00279-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кодина Г. Е., Малышева А. О., Клементьева О. Е., Лямцева Е. А., Таратоненкова Н. А., Вороницкая Н. Н., Семоненко Н. П., Графскова Т. А. Радиофармацевтическая композиция для радиосиновэктомии и способ ее получения. Патент РФ на изобретение № RU 2624237 С1. 03.07.2017. Доступно по: https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2624237&amp;TypeFile=html. Ссылка активна на 31.05.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodina G. E., Malysheva A. O., Klementieva O. E., Lyamtseva E. A., Taratonenkova N. A., Voronitskaya N. N., Seminenko N. P., Grafskova T. A. Radiopharmaceutical composition for radiosynovectomy and method for its preparation. Patent RUS № 2624237 С1. 03.07.2017. Availabel at: https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2624237&amp;TypeFile=html. Accessed: 31.05.2022. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kampen W. U., Boddenberg-Pätzold B., Fischer M., Gabriel M., Klett R., Konijnenberg M., Kresnik E., Lellouche H., Paycha F., Terslev L., Turkmen C., van der Zant F., Antunovic L., Panagiotidis E., Gnanasegaran G., Kuwert T., van den Wyngaert T., The EANM guideline for radiosynoviorthesis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2022;49(2):681–708. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05541-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kampen W. U., Boddenberg-Pätzold B., Fischer M., Gabriel M., Klett R., Konijnenberg M., Kresnik E., Lellouche H., Paycha F., Terslev L., Turkmen C., van der Zant F., Antunovic L., Panagiotidis E., Gnanasegaran G., Kuwert T., van den Wyngaert T., The EANM guideline for radiosynoviorthesis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2022;49(2):681–708. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05541-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lepareur N., Ardisson V., Noiret N., Garin E. &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-SSS/Lipiodol: development of a potential treatment for HCC from bench to bedside. International Journal of Molecular Imaging. 2012;278306. DOI: 10.1155/2012/278306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lepareur N., Ardisson V., Noiret N., Garin E. &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-SSS/Lipiodol: development of a potential treatment for HCC from bench to bedside. International Journal of Molecular Imaging. 2012;278306. DOI: 10.1155/2012/278306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guhlke S., Beets A. L., Oetjen K., Mirzadeh S., Biersack H. J., Knapp F. F. Jr. Simple New Method for Effective Concentration of &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re Solutions from Alumina-Based &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;W/&lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re Generator. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(7):1271–1278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guhlke S., Beets A. L., Oetjen K., Mirzadeh S., Biersack H. J., Knapp F. F. Jr. Simple New Method for Effective Concentration of &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re Solutions from Alumina-Based &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;W/&lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re Generator. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(7):1271–1278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansur M. S., Mushtaq A., Jehangir M. Concentration of &lt;sup&gt;99m&lt;/sup&gt;Tc-pertechnetate and &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-perrhenate. Radiochimica Acta. 2006;94(2):107–111. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.2.107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansur M. S., Mushtaq A., Jehangir M. Concentration of &lt;sup&gt;99m&lt;/sup&gt;Tc-pertechnetate and &lt;sup&gt;188&lt;/sup&gt;Re-perrhenate. Radiochimica Acta. 2006;94(2):107–111. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.2.107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Argyrou M., Valassi A., Andreou M., Lyra M. Rhenium-188 Production in Hospitals, by W-188/Re-188 Generator, for Easy Use in Radionuclide Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Imaging. 2013:290750. DOI: 10.1155/2013/290750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Argyrou M., Valassi A., Andreou M., Lyra M. Rhenium-188 Production in Hospitals, by W-188/Re-188 Generator, for Easy Use in Radionuclide Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Imaging. 2013:290750. DOI: 10.1155/2013/290750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chhabra A., Rathore Y., Bhusari P., Vatsa R., Mittal B. R., Shukla J. Concentration protocol of rhenium-188 perrhenate eluted from tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator for the preparation of high-yield rhenium-188-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2018;39(10):957–959. DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000893.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chhabra A., Rathore Y., Bhusari P., Vatsa R., Mittal B. R., Shukla J. Concentration protocol of rhenium-188 perrhenate eluted from tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator for the preparation of high-yield rhenium-188-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2018;39(10):957–959. DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000893.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uccelli L., Pasquali M., Boschi A., Giganti M., Duatti A. Automated preparation of Re-188 lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 2011;38(2):207–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.08.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uccelli L., Pasquali M., Boschi A., Giganti M., Duatti A. Automated preparation of Re-188 lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 2011;38(2):207–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.08.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
