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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4(1)-48-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОИСК И РАЗРАБОТКА НОВЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUG PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Компонентный состав и противомикробная активность фракций из надземной части льнянки обыкновенной (Linaria vulgaris Mill.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Component Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Fractions from the Aerial Part of Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-0783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бомбела</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bombela</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatyana.bombela@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-2149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кроткова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotkova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галишевская</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galishevskaya</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-6804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-8314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягонцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yagontseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-1507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агафонцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agafontseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-4421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-5924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уэйли</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Whaley</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popov str., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понкратова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponkratova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popov str., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лужанин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzhanin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Полевая, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Polevaya str., Perm, 614990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермская государственная фармацевтическая академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО ПГФА Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Приложение 1</issue-title><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бомбела Т.В., Кроткова О.А., Галишевская Е.Е., Анисимова А.Г., Ягонцева Т.А., Агафонцева А.В., Новикова В.В., Уэйли А.К., Понкратова А.О., Лужанин В.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бомбела Т.В., Кроткова О.А., Галишевская Е.Е., Анисимова А.Г., Ягонцева Т.А., Агафонцева А.В., Новикова В.В., Уэйли А.К., Понкратова А.О., Лужанин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bombela T.V., Krotkova O.A., Galishevskaya E.E., Anisimova A.G., Yagontseva T.A., Agafontseva A.V., Novikova V.V., Whaley A.K., Ponkratova A.O., Luzhanin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1395">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1395</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Природные биологически активные вещества (БАВ) отличаются различной полярностью, которая обуславливает их физико-химические свойства, в том числе растворимость. Используя растворители различной полярности, можно влиять на спектр извлекаемых из растений БАВ, достигая их разделения по группам, а в дальнейшем добиваясь выделения в индивидуальном виде. В составе БАВ травы Linaria vulgaris Mill. – льнянки обыкновенной содержатся как липофильные, так и гидрофильные вещества. Трава L. vulgaris широко используется в народной медицине при ангине, конъюнктивите, дерматомикозе, парадонтозе и других заболеваниях, в патогенезе которых существенная роль отведена бактериальным факторам.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать влияние растворителей различной полярности на компонентный состав извлекаемых БАВ и противомикробную активность фракций из травы L. vulgaris.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Надземная часть L. Vulgaris, собранная в фазу цветения – начала плодоношения в июле 2021 году в Пермском крае. Фракции получены методом последовательной исчерпывающей жидкость-жидкостной экстракции спиртового извлечения из травы L. vulgaris: гексаном, дихлорметаном, н-бутанолом. Обнаружение БАВ проводили методом ВЭЖХ и планарной хроматографии на бумаге. Антимикробную активность изучали в отношении Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus и Candida albicans.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При использовании растворителей различной полярности из спиртового извлечения Linaria vulgaris получены четыре фракции: гексановая, дихлорметановая, бутанольная и водная, отличающиеся компонентным составом БАВ. Количество полифенольных веществ во фракциях увеличивается с увеличением полярности растворителя – гексан (14), дихлорметан (55), бутанол (61). Дихлорметановая и бутанольная фракция имеют схожий состав, представленный полифенольными соединениями и иридоидами. Основными группами соединений данных фракций являются фенолокислоты и флавоноиды. Иридоиды обнаружены в следовых количествах. В гексановой фракции обнаружено наименьшее количество веществ, полностью отсутствуют иридоиды, в следовых количествах установлены фенолокислоты. Водная фракция характеризуется содержанием всего комплекса БАВ. Наиболее высокая антибактериальная активность в отношении Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus установлена для водной фракции, тогда как наиболее выраженная противогрибковая активность характерна для гексановой и дихлорметановой фракции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При использовании растворителей различной полярности из спиртового извлечения L. vulgaris получены фракции, содержащие разнообразный набор БАВ. Разнополярные фракции L. vulgaris обладают антимикробной активностью в отношении Staphylococcus aureus и Escherichia coli, а также патогенных грибов из рода Candidа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Natural biologically active substances (BAS) are distinguished by different polarity, which determines their physicochemical properties, including solubility. When using solvents of different polarity, it is possible to influence the spectrum of BAS extracted from plants, achieving their division into groups, and further achieving isolation in an individual form. Тhe aerial part of Linaria vulgaris Mill. (common toadflax) contains both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. The herb L. vulgaris is widely used in folk medicine for treatment of angina, conjunctivitis, dermatomycosis, periodontitis and other diseases. Bacterial factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the effect of solvents of different polarity on the component composition of extracted BAS and to study the antimicrobial activity of fractions from the herb L. vulgaris.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The aerial part of L. vulgaris was collected at the flowering stage – at the beginning of fruiting stage in July 2021 in the Perm region. The fractions were obtained by sequential exhaustive liquid-liquid extraction of an alcoholic extract from the herb L. vulgaris with hexane, dichloromethane, and n-butanol. Detection of BAS was carried out by HPLC and planar chromatography on paper. Antimicrobial activity was studied against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Using solvents of different polarity four fractions were obtained from the alcohol extract of L. vulgaris: hexane, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water. These fractions have differences in the composition of BAS. The number of polyphenolic substances in the fractions increases with increasing of solvent polarity: hexane (14), dichloromethane (55), butanol (61). The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions have a similar composition, represented by polyphenolic compounds and iridoids. The main groups of compounds in these fractions are phenolic acids and flavonoids. Iridoids are found in trace amounts. In the hexane fraction, the smallest number of substances was found, iridoids are completely absent, and phenolic acids were found in trace amounts. The water fraction is characterized by the content of the entire BAS complex. The highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was found for the aqueous fraction, while the highest antifungal activity was found for the hexane and dichloromethane fractions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Using solvents of different polarity, fractions containing a diverse set of BAS were obtained from the alcoholic extract of L. vulgaris. Fractions exhibiting different polarities from L. vulgaris have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as against pathogenic fungi from the genus Candida.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Linaria vulgaris</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ-анализ</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная и противогрибковая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Linaria vulgaris</kwd><kwd>HPLC</kwd><kwd>antibacterial and antifungal activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Пермского научно-образовательного центра «Рациональное недропользование», 2022 год.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Perm Scientific and Educational Center "Rational Subsoil Use", 2022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chater A. 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