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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-95-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Двойной протеолиз для определения N- и O-гликозилирования Fc-гибридного белка этанерцепта методом пептидного картирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Double Proteolysis for N- and O-glycan Analysis of Fc-fusion Protein Etanercept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-8717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варзиева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varzieva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varzieva.valeria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-5853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месонжник</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mesonzhnik</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalia.mesonzhnik@labworks.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-7187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белушенко</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belushenko</surname><given-names>A. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-1665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкарева</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkareva</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апполонова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Appolonova</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); Научный центр мирового уровня «Цифровой биодизайн и персонализированное здравоохранение», ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Варзиева В.Г., Месонжник Н.В., Белушенко А.О., Бочкарева Н.Л., Апполонова С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варзиева В.Г., Месонжник Н.В., Белушенко А.О., Бочкарева Н.Л., Апполонова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varzieva V.G., Mesonzhnik N.V., Belushenko A.О., Bochkareva N.L., Appolonova S.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1440">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1440</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Современные биотехнологические препараты представлены преимущественно высокогликозилированными белками. Подавляющее большинство таких препаратов, выпускаемых отечественными биофармацевтическими компаниями, являются биоаналогами зарубежных препаратов. Основа разработки таких препаратов – аналитические исследования, направленные на подтверждение эквивалентности структур биоаналога и эталона. Наибольшую аналитическую сложность представляют Fc-слитые препараты, сочетающие в себе свойства эффекторных белков и кристаллизующегося фрагмента IgG1. Единственным биоаналогом такого вида, зарегистрированным в России, является этанерцепт, который был выбран в качестве объекта исследования. Существующие классические походы не позволяют точно и достоверно определять гликановый профиль таких препаратов. Разработка подходов и принципов таких исследований необходима, так как изменение структуры биоаналога в процессе производства может оказать большое влияние на его эффективность и безопасность.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка подходов двойного протеолиза, позволяющих провести гликопептидное картирование Fc-слитого белка этанерцепта с использованием протеазы Arg-C.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Этанерцепт подвергался энзиматическому гидролизу с применением комбинаций трипсина с одной из двух протеаз (Arg-C или Asp-N). Образующиеся пептиды идентифицировались методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МСВР. Подтверждение структуры гликанов осуществлялось по фрагментным спектрам гликопептидов, полученным в режиме повышенной энергии столкновений (MSE).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Использование комбинации трипсина с Arg-C приводило к надежным результатам. Разработанный подход позволил определить большинство участков О-гликозилирования и установить типы О-гликанов этанерцепта. Показано, что для эффективного О-гликопептидного картирования необходима стадия N-дегликозилирования. N-гликопептидным картированием были идентифицированы основные формы N-гликанов каждого из трех участков N-гликозилирования (N149, N171, N317). Установлено, что применение комбинации трипсина с Arg-C позволяет идентифицировать трехантенные формы, несмотря на наличие в образующемся пептиде участка О-гликозилирования. Общий профиль N-гликозилирования, выраженный как процент от суммарного отклика всех идентифицированных гликоформ, показывает сопоставимость результатов при использовании разработанного подхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате проведенного исследования нами были разработаны подходы гликопептидного картирования, включающие использование комбинаций протеаз, которые позволяют надежно и воспроизводимо определять локализацию участков и формы N- и О-гликозилирования этанерцепта. Разработанные подходы могут использоваться для проведения исследований сопоставимости биоподобных лекарственных средств, оценки качества при изменении технологии производства лекарственных препаратов (ЛП), при разработке новых биотехнологических ЛП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Highly glycosylated proteins are the most abundant class of modern biopharmaceuticals. A majority of such therapeuticals produced by Russian biopharmaceutical companies is biosimilars. The foundation of biosimilar manufacturing is analytical assessment of structure equivalence to an original molecule. Fc-fusions present a challenge due to their structural properties. The only biosimilar of this kind registered in Russia is etanercept – a fusion of tumor necrosis factor receptor α and Fc-fragment of IgG1. Existing approaches widely used in protein analysis do not allow accurate and reliable description of glycoylation of these proteins. Development of new approaches and principles of such analysis is necessary, as the changes in biosimilar’s molecular structure can seriously affect its efficacy and safety.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development of double proteolysis approaches for glycopeptide mapping of Fc-fusion protein etanercept using Arg-C protease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Etanercept was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using trypsin in combination with Arg-C or Asp-N. The resulting peptides were analyzed using HPLC-MS system Xevo G2-XS QTOF (Waters Corporation, USA). The conformation of glycan structure was performed via analysis of fragment spectra of glycopeptides, acquired with high collision energy mode (MS E ). UNIFI (version 1.8) with biopharmasuetical assessment setting (Waters Corporation, USA) was used to analyze the peptide maps.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It was found that using the combination of trypsin with protease Arg-C leads to reliable results Using the developed approach we successfully determined the majority of O-glycosylation sites and types of O-glycans. It was shown that for an effective O-glycopeptide maping N-deglycosylation stage is required. Most abundant N-glycan structures were identified for each of three N-glycosylation sites (N149, N171, N317). It was determined, that the combination of trypsin with Arg-C allows identification of three-antenna forms despite the presence of O-glycosylation site on the analyzed peptide. General N-glycosylation profile shows comparability of results for both approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of this research we developed glycopeptide mapping approaches in which a combination of proteases is used. Using these methods sites of N- and O-glycosilation and glycofoms of etanercept were accurately and reproducibly determined. Developed procedures can be applied to other types of Fc-fusion proteins, making it of broader appeal and benefit to the overall biopharmaceutical industry. These approaches provide comprehensive information useful for structure-function studies and of potential value for product comparability measurements and possibly even future manufacturing control strategies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пептидное картирование</kwd><kwd>биоаналоги</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>Fc-слитые белки</kwd><kwd>трипсин</kwd><kwd>Arg-C</kwd><kwd>Asp-N</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peptide mapping</kwd><kwd>mass-spectrometry</kwd><kwd>glycosylation</kwd><kwd>fusion proteins</kwd><kwd>etanercept</kwd><kwd>Asp-N</kwd><kwd>Arg-C</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках государственной поддержки создания и развития научного центра мирового уровня «Цифровой биодизайн и персонализированное здравоохранение» № 075-15-2022-304.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state support for the creation and development of a World-Class Research Centers "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare" № 075-15-2022-304.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostin K. 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