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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-182-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1448</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новое предназначение старых лекарств (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Old Drugs, New Indications (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-5336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошниченко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnichenko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igormir@psychiatry.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-499X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вальдман</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valdman</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125315, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Baltiyskaya str., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-4683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz'min</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» (ФГБНУ НЦПЗ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBSI "Mental Health Research Center"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «НИИ фармакологии имени В. В. Закусова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мирошниченко И.И., Вальдман Е.А., Кузьмин И.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирошниченко И.И., Вальдман Е.А., Кузьмин И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Miroshnichenko I.I., Valdman E.A., Kuz'min I.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1448">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1448</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для использования лекарственного препарата, который применяют при лечении одного заболевания, на профилактику и лечение другого патологического процесса существует метод перепрофилирования лекарственных средств (ЛС). Создание лекарств с нуля занимает долгое время разработки и внедрения, что ведет к крупным финансовым расходам, а также имеет высокий процент отсева веществ-кандидатов и требует значительных финансовых расходов. Основное преимущество перепрофилирования вместо создания новых ЛС – относительно низкие финансовые затраты и значительное сокращение первых двух фаз клинических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. Перепрофилирование ЛС базируется на фармакологии, фармакокинетике, фармакодинамике, фармацевтике и клиническим испытания, где первые две фазы существенно сокращаются в сравнении с созданием полностью нового ЛС. Имеются примеры успешного перепрофилирования и негативных побочных эффектов при off-label применении лекарств, что является небезопасным, но лучшим решением при орфанных заболеваниях. Проводится направленный поиск возможностей перепрофилирования ЛС с применением автоматической процедуры, где проверяется большое количество химических соединений на активность или аффинность по отношению к рецепторам и ферментам – высокопроизводительного скринига. Широкое распространение получил компьютерный дизайн, который или перепрофилирование «in silico», где используется информация о препарате: мишени, химические структуры, метаболические пути, побочные эффекты, с последующим построением соответствующих моделей. Алгоритмы машинного обучения (МО): байесовский классификатор, логистическая регрессия, дерево решений, машина опорных векторов, случайный лес и другие успешно используются в биохимических фармацевтических, токсикологических исследованиях. Но наиболее перспективное развитие перепрофилирования связывают с использованием глубинных нейронных сетей (ГНС). С применением глубинного обучения было обнаружено, что ГНС превзошли прочие алгоритмы для разработки препаратов и предсказания их токсичности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В настоящее время интерес к перепрофилированию лекарственных препаратов заметно вырос. Поиск, по ключевым словам, «drug repurposing» выдал 2422 статьи, посвященных проблеме нового применения уже применяемых в медицине лекарств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The drug can be used in the treatment of one disease and for the prevention and treatment of another pathological process. This is possible due to the repurposing of medicines. Creating drugs from scratch takes a long time to develop and implement, which leads to large financial costs, and also has a high dropout rate of candidate substances and requires significant financial costs. The main advantage of repurposing instead of creating new drug is relatively low financial costs and a significant reduction in the first two phases of clinical trials.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. Drug repurposing is based on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceuticals and clinical trials, where the first two phases are significantly reduced compared to the creation of a completely new. There are examples of successful repurposing and negative side effects with off-label drug use, which is unsafe but the best solution for orphan diseases. A targeted search for the possibility of repurposing drugs using an automatic procedure is being carried out, where a large number of chemical compounds are tested for activity or affinity for receptors and enzymes – high-throughput screening. Computer design has become widespread, which or repurposing "in silico", where information about the drug is used: targets, chemical structures, metabolic pathways, side effects, followed by the construction of appropriate models. Machine learning (ML) algorithms: Bayes classifier, logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and others are successfully used in biochemical pharmaceutical, toxicological research. But the most promising development of reprofiling is associated with the use of deep neural networks (DNN). Using deep learning, DNN were found to outperform other algorithms for drug development and toxicity prediction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Currently, interest in drug repurposing has grown markedly. A search for the keywords «drug repurposing» showed 2,422 articles on the problem of new uses for drugs that already exist in medicine.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перепрофилирование</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг (ТЛМ)</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение (МО)</kwd><kwd>глубокие нейронные сети (ГНС)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>repurposing</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)</kwd><kwd>machine learning (ML)</kwd><kwd>deep neural networks (DNN)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonaye H. V., Sheikh R. Y., Doifode C. A. Drug repurposing: Iron in the fire for older drugs. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;141:111638. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonaye H. 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