<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-2-124-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физико-химическая и функциональная характеризация лекарственного препарата Ринсулин® Р</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physicochemical and Functional Characterization of Medicinal Product Rinsulin® R</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anna.Babina@geropharm.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-6097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драй</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drai</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-1129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапарова</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saparova</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyeva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8467-9781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заикин</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaikin</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-9843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмурак</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmurak</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-9455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елтышева</surname><given-names>Т. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eltysheva</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-0608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Strel'na settlement, Saint-Petersburg, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО «Фарм-Холдинг»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CJSC "Pharm-Holding"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабина А.В., Драй Р.В., Сапарова В.Б., Афанасьева А.Н., Заикин П.Г., Шмурак В.И., Елтышева Т.Э., Макаренко И.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабина А.В., Драй Р.В., Сапарова В.Б., Афанасьева А.Н., Заикин П.Г., Шмурак В.И., Елтышева Т.Э., Макаренко И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babina A.V., Drai R.V., Saparova V.B., Afanasyeva A.N., Zaikin P.G., Shmurak V.I., Eltysheva T.E., Makarenko I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1492">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1492</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время биосимиляры обрели довольно широкое применение в терапии ряда хронических и опасных для жизни заболеваний. Благодаря им происходит значительное снижение экономического давления биологических препаратов на систему здравоохранения и обеспечивается широкая доступность пациентов к эффективным и безопасным лекарственным средствам. Одним из важнейших этапов доказательства биосимилярности является проведение физико-химической и функциональной характеризации белков. Данный комплекс исследований является общепринятым, максимально чувствительным и позволяет дать заключение о соответствии биосимиляра оригинальному препарату.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проведение физико-химической и функциональной характеризации препарата Ринсулин® Р (GP40051) в сравнении с оригинальным препаратом Хумулин® Регуляр.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Первичная структура была исследована методами высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием и матрично-активированной лазерной десорбции/ионизации. Идентичность более высоких белковых структур была доказана методами кругового дихроизма, капиллярного изофокусирования, спектрометрии и динамического рассеяния света. Сопоставимость профилей примесей препаратов оценивали при помощи методов эксклюзионной хроматографии и обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Функциональная характеризация включала в себя метаболический клеточный тест «захват глюкозы» и анализы связывания с рецептором инсулина (кинетика связывания с рецепторами типа А и В, фосфорилирование инсулинового рецептора).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе данной работы была показана идентичность физико-химических и функциональных характеристик GP40051. Между препаратом сравнения GP40051 и референтным препаратом Хумулин® Регуляр было продемонстрировано полное совпадение первичной последовательности, структур высокого порядка и профилей примесей. Функциональные исследования показали, что GP40051 и Хумулин® Регуляр обладают одинаковой активностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По результатам исследования подтверждена аналитическая биосимилярность препарата Ринсулин® Р (GP40051) оригинальному препарату Хумулин® Регуляр, что обеспечило научную основу для проведения специально разработанной клинической программы, и явилось основанием для регистрации в РФ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, biosimilars have found quite widespread use in the treatment of a number of chronic and life-threatening diseases. Thanks to them, there is a significant decrease of the economic pressure of biological drugs on the health care system and wide access of patients to effective and safe medicines is ensured. One of the most important stages of proving biosimilarity is the physicochemical and functional characterization of proteins. This set of studies is generally accepted, as sensitive as possible and allows us to give a conclusion about the compliance of the biosimilar with the original drug.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Conducting physicochemical and functional characterization of medicinal product Rinsulin® R (GP40051) in comparison with the original drug Humulin® Regular.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Primary structure was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization. The identity of the higher protein structures was proved by the methods of circular dichroism, capillary isoelectric focusing, spectrometry and dynamic light scattering. The comparability of the impurity profiles of the preparations was evaluated using the methods of exclusive chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Functional characterization included a metabolic cell test "glucose uptake" and insulin receptor–binding assay (kinetics of binding to type A and B receptors, phosphorylation of insulin receptor).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the course of this research, the identity of the physicochemical and functional characteristics of GP40051 was shown. A complete overlap of primary sequence, high-order structures and impurity profiles was demonstrated between the comparison drug GP40051 and the reference drug Humulin® Regular. Functional studies have shown that GP40051 and Humulin® Regulars have the same activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the quality comparability study demonstrated similarity of Rinsulin® R to the reference medicinal product Humulin® Regular, providing the scientific basis for conducting a specifically designed clinical programme, and supported registration in Russian Federation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аналитическая сопоставимость</kwd><kwd>биоаналог</kwd><kwd>биосимиляр</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерный инсулин человека</kwd><kwd>ГИИЧ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>analytical comparability</kwd><kwd>biosimilar</kwd><kwd>genetically engineered human insulin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсор данного исследования ООО «ГЕРОФАРМ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The sponsor of this study is LLC "GEROPHARM".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zalcberg J. Biosimilars are coming: ready or not. Internal Medicine Journal. 2018;48(9):1027–1034. DOI: 10.1111/imj.14033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalcberg J. Biosimilars are coming: ready or not. Internal Medicine Journal. 2018;48(9):1027–1034. DOI: 10.1111/imj.14033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agbogbo F. K., Ecker D. M., Farrand A., Han K., Khoury A., Martin A., McCool J., Rasche U., Rau T. D., Schmidt D., Sha M., Treuheit N. Current perspectives on biosimilars. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2019;46(9–10):1297–1311. DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02216-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agbogbo F. K., Ecker D. M., Farrand A., Han K., Khoury A., Martin A., McCool J., Rasche U., Rau T. D., Schmidt D., Sha M., Treuheit N. Current perspectives on biosimilars. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2019;46(9–10):1297–1311. DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02216-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Mora F. Biosimilars: A Value Proposition. BioDrugs. 2019;33(4):353–356. DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00360-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Mora F. Biosimilars: A Value Proposition. BioDrugs. 2019;33(4):353–356. DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00360-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабенко А. Ю., Драй Р. В., Каронова Т. Л., Макаренко И. Е. Подходы доказательной медицины при разработке и регистрации фармакологических препаратов для лечения сахарного диабета. Русский медицинский журнал. 2018;1(I):48–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babenko A. Yu., Drai R. V., Karonova T. L., Makarenko I. E. Evidence-based approaches for development and marketing authorization of diabetes drugs. Russian medical journal. 2018;1(I):48–54. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dranitsaris G., Amir E., Dorward K. Biosimilars of biological drug therapies: regulatory, clinical and commercial considerations. Drugs. 2011;71(12):1527–1536. DOI: 10.2165/11593730-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dranitsaris G., Amir E., Dorward K. Biosimilars of biological drug therapies: regulatory, clinical and commercial considerations. Drugs. 2011;71(12):1527–1536. DOI: 10.2165/11593730-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kresse G. B. Biosimilars – science, status, and strategic perspective. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2009;72(3):479–486. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.02.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kresse G. B. Biosimilars – science, status, and strategic perspective. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2009;72(3):479–486. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.02.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М. В., Викулова О. К. Биосимиляры: презумпция «виновности». Сахарный диабет. 2011;14(4):91–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakova M. V., Vikulova O. K. Biosimilars: presumption of guilt. Diabetes mellitus. 2011;14(4):91–99. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harvey R. D. Science of Biosimilars. Journal of Oncology Practice. 2017;13(9):17–23. DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2017.026062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harvey R. D. Science of Biosimilars. Journal of Oncology Practice. 2017;13(9):17–23. DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2017.026062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tariman J. D. Biosimilars: Exploring the History, Science, and Progress. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;22(5):5–12. DOI: 10.1188/18.CJON.S1.5-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tariman J. D. Biosimilars: Exploring the History, Science, and Progress. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;22(5):5–12. DOI: 10.1188/18.CJON.S1.5-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins N., Murphy L., Tyther R. Post-translational modifications of recombinant proteins: significance for biopharmaceuticals. Molecular Biotechnology. 2008;39(2):113–118. DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9049-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins N., Murphy L., Tyther R. Post-translational modifications of recombinant proteins: significance for biopharmaceuticals. Molecular Biotechnology. 2008;39(2):113–118. DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9049-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gámez-Belmonte R., Hernández-Chirlaque C., Arredondo-Amador M., Aranda C. J., González R., Martínez-Augustin O., Sánchez de Medina F. Biosimilars: Concepts and controversies. Pharmacological Research. 2018;133:251–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gámez-Belmonte R., Hernández-Chirlaque C., Arredondo-Amador M., Aranda C. J., González R., Martínez-Augustin O., Sánchez de Medina F. Biosimilars: Concepts and controversies. Pharmacological Research. 2018;133:251–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caliceti P., Veronese F. M. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-protein conjugates. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2003;55(10):1261–1277. DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00108-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caliceti P., Veronese F. M. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-protein conjugates. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2003;55(10):1261–1277. DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00108-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossain M. A., Bathgate R. A. D. Challenges in the design of insulin and relaxin/insulin-like peptide mimetics. Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry. 2018;26(10):2827–2841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossain M. A., Bathgate R. A. D. Challenges in the design of insulin and relaxin/insulin-like peptide mimetics. Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry. 2018;26(10):2827–2841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soldatov A. A., Avdeeva J. I., Kryuchkov N. A., Skosyreva E. S. Safety concerns of biosimilar hormone products. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2019;35(6):1003–1009. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1552041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldatov A. A., Avdeeva J. I., Kryuchkov N. A., Skosyreva E. S. Safety concerns of biosimilar hormone products. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2019;35(6):1003–1009. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1552041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang H. N., Knezevic I. Regulatory evaluation of biosimilars throughout their product life-cycle. Bulletin World Health Organization. 2018;96(4):281–285. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.17.206284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang H. N., Knezevic I. Regulatory evaluation of biosimilars throughout their product life-cycle. Bulletin World Health Organization. 2018;96(4):281–285. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.17.206284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii-Watabe A., Kuwabara T. Biosimilarity assessment of biosimilar therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2019;34(1):64–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii-Watabe A., Kuwabara T. Biosimilarity assessment of biosimilar therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2019;34(1):64–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahalkar H., Cetintas H. C., Salek S. Quality, Non-clinical and Clinical Considerations for Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibody Development: EU, WHO, USA, Canada, and BRICS-TM Regulatory Guidelines. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018;9:1079. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahalkar H., Cetintas H. C., Salek S. Quality, Non-clinical and Clinical Considerations for Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibody Development: EU, WHO, USA, Canada, and BRICS-TM Regulatory Guidelines. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018;9:1079. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева А. Н., Сапарова В. Б., Макаренко И. Е., Драй Р. В., Сельменских Т. А. Опыт проведения валидации in vitro методики оценки инсулинозависимого захвата глюкозы. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств. 2023;13(1):77–88. DOI: 10.30895/1991-2919-2022-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanasyeva A. N., Saparova V. B., Makarenko I. E., Drai R. V., Selmenskikh T. A. Experimental validation of an in vitro method for assessing insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation. 2023;13(1):77–88. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.30895/1991-2919-2022-398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
