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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-3-29-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОИСК И РАЗРАБОТКА НОВЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUG PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Способ получения тимохинона из жирного масла семян тмина черного (Nigella sativa L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Method for the Isolation of Thymoquinone from Black Caraway Seed Oil (Nigella sativa L.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-5924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уэйли</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Whaley</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtseva</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>298500, Республика Крым, г. Алушта, ул. 15-го Апреля, д. 37;295007, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, просп. Академика Вернадского, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, April 15th str., Alushta, Republic of Crimea, 298500;4, Academician Vernadsky avenue, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-476X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулдыркаева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuldyrkaeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>298500, Республика Крым, г. Алушта, ул. 15-го Апреля, д. 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, April 15th str., Alushta, Republic of Crimea, 298500</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-4609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новосад</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novosad</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>298500, Республика Крым, г. Алушта, ул. 15-го Апреля, д. 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, April 15th str., Alushta, Republic of Crimea, 298500</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-2457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабак</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babak</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>298500, Республика Крым, г. Алушта, ул. 15-го Апреля, д. 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37, April 15th str., Alushta, Republic of Crimea, 298500</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-096X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жохова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhokhova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уэйли</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Whaley</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-1015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тернинко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terninko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna.terninko@pharminnotech.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4570-2739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное Общество «Алуштинский эфиромасличный совхоз-завод»; &#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В. И. Вернадского» (КФУ им. В. И. Вернадского)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC "Alushta essential oil state farm-plant"; V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное Общество «Алуштинский эфиромасличный совхоз-завод»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC "Alushta essential oil state farm-plant"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Уэйли А.К., Бурцева Е.В., Кулдыркаева Е.В., Новосад А.С., Бабак Н.Л., Жохова Е.В., Уэйли А.О., Гончаров М.Ю., Тернинко И.И., Яковлев Г.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уэйли А.К., Бурцева Е.В., Кулдыркаева Е.В., Новосад А.С., Бабак Н.Л., Жохова Е.В., Уэйли А.О., Гончаров М.Ю., Тернинко И.И., Яковлев Г.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Whaley A.K., Burtseva Y.V., Kuldyrkaeva E.V., Novosad A.S., Babak N.L., Zhokhova E.V., Whaley A.O., Goncharov M.Y., Terninko I.I., Yakovlev G.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1536">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1536</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тимохинон (2-изопропил-5-метил-1,4-бензохинон) – кристаллическое вещество растительного происхождения, которое образуется в результате процесса окисления тимогидрохинона. Тимохинон – компонент эфирного масла семян тмина черного (Nigella sativa L.), для которого установлен значительный спектр фармакологической активности. Учитывая липофильность данного соединения и его способность накапливаться в маслах, целесообразно предложить способ выделения тимохинона из жирного масла семян тмина для оценки его избирательного накопления и возможности применения масла в качестве источника получения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать способ выделения индивидуального соединения – тимохинона – из масла семян тмина черного (Nigella sativa L.), доказать его структуру и определить степень чистоты полученного вещества.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для подтверждения подлинности сырья проводили изучение морфолого-анатомических диагностических признаков. Количественную оценку содержания тимохинона в семенах тмина и изучение оптимальности процесса выделения проводили методом ВЭЖХ. Пробоподготовку проводили метанолом путем: 1) трехкратной экстракции на кипящей водяной бане; 2) сонификации; 3) настаивания. Структуру выделенного соединения подтверждали по спектральным характеристикам методом ИК-спектроскопии путем сравнения полученного ИК-спектра с данными базы NIST и одномерной ЯМР-спектроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В результате проведенного морфолого-анатомического анализа была подтверждена подлинность семян N. sativa. Методом ВЭЖХ проанализированы полученные различными способами пробоподготовки извлечения из семян тмина черного. Отмечено, что способ получения извлечения не оказывает значительного влияния на выход тимохинона, содержание которого в семенах тмина черного составляет 0,25 ± 0,02 %, что достаточно для целей выделения. Результаты оценки различных способов выделения тимохинона из семян тмина черного – экстракция спиртом и н-гексаном из измельченных семян, жидкость-жидкостная экстракция из жирного масла, перегонка масла с водяным паром – показали, что оптимальным способом получения тимохинона является перегонка масла семян тмина черного с водяным паром [соотношение масло : вода (1 : 1)] на песчаной бане в течение 3 часов. Выход тимохинона из масла N. sativa при этом составляет 398 мг из 150 мл масла (0,26 %). Идентичность тимохинона доказана по спектральным характеристикам в сравнении с базой данных NIST.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показана возможность выделения тимохинона из жирного масла семян Nigella sativa L. с хроматографической чистотой (метод ВЭЖХ) более 97 % и сопоставимостью спектральных характеристик, которые подтверждают идентичность полученного соединения. Предложенный экспрессный и экономичный способ выделения тимохинона методом перегонки с водяным паром обеспечивает выход целевого компонента 0,26 %. Данный способ может быть применен на производственных площадках предприятий по заготовке и переработке семян тмина черного для получения природного тимохинона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is an organic compound of plant origin, which is formed as a result of the oxidation of thymohydroquinone. Thymoquinone is a component of the essential oil of black caraway seeds (Nigella sativa L.) and is known to possess a significant spectrum of pharmacological activity. Due to the lipophilicity of thymoquinone and its ability to accumulate in oils, we proposed a method to isolate thymoquinone from the fatty oil of caraway seeds in order to assess its selective accumulation and the possibility of using the oil as a source for the compounds production.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Method development for the isolation of thymoquinone as an individual compounds from black caraway (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil, to confirm its structure and determine the degree of purity of the obtained substance.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To confirm the authenticity of the raw materials, analysis of key morphological and anatomical diagnostic features was performed. Quantitative assessment of thymoquinone content in black caraway seeds and control of the isolation process were performed though HPLC analysis. Sample preparation was carried out with methanol by: 1) triple extraction on a boiling water bath; 2) sonification; 3) maceration. The structure of the isolated compound was confirmed through the analysis spectral characteristics using IR spectroscopy by comparing the obtained IR spectrum with the data from the NIST database and one-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. As a result of the morphological and anatomical analysis, the authenticity of N. sativa seeds was confirmed. Extracts from black caraway seeds obtained by various sample preparation methods were analyzed with HPLC. As a result, it was noted that the method of obtaining the extract does not significantly affect the yield of thymoquinone, the content of which in black caraway seeds is 0.25 ± 0.02 %, which is sufficient for isolation purposes. Through the evaluation of various isolation methods for thymoquinone from black caraway seeds – maceration with alcohol and n-hexane from crushed seeds, liquid-liquid extraction from fatty oil, steam distillation of oil – showed that the best way to obtain thymoquinone is through the distillation of black caraway seed oil with water steam [oil : water ratio (1 : 1)] in a sand bath for 3 hours. The yield of thymoquinone from N. sativa oil is 398 mg from 150 ml of oil (0.26 %). The structure of thymoquinone was confirmed by spectral characteristics in comparison with the NIST database and literature data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The possibility of isolating thymoquinone from Nigella sativa L. seed fatty oil with a chromatographic purity (HPLC) of more than 97 % along with the comparison of the isolated compounds spectral characteristics with literature data, which confirm the identity of the obtained compound, was shown. The proposed express and efficient method for the isolation of thymoquinone through steam distillation provides a yield of the target component of 0.26 %. This method can be applied at roduction sites that harvestand process of black caraway seeds to obtain natural thymoquinone.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Nigella sativa L.</kwd><kwd>тимохинон</kwd><kwd>выделение индивидуального соединения</kwd><kwd>перегонка с водяным паром</kwd><kwd>спектральные методы анализа</kwd><kwd>жирное масло</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nigella sativa L.</kwd><kwd>thymoquinone</kwd><kwd>individual compound isolation</kwd><kwd>steam distillation</kwd><kwd>spectral methods of analysis</kwd><kwd>fatty oil</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты работы получены с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Аналитический центр ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России» в рамках соглашения № 075-15-2021-685 от 26 июля 2021 года при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The results of the work were obtained using equipment the Сore Shared Research Facilities "Analytical Center" of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-685; dated 26 July 2021 on the provision of the Federal budget grants).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понкратова А. 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