<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-3-80-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ этанольных извлечений корней Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. методом ГХ/МС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Screening of the Alcohol Fraction of Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. by GC/MS Method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-7696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джумабаева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jumabayeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алматы, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, str. Tole bi, Almaty, 050012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainur.j0603@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-6209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожамжарова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhamzharova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алматы, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, str. Tole bi, Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-5330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алматы, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, str. Tole bi, Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-1015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тернинко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terninko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-2477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурбеева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surbeeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-1971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакипова</surname><given-names>З. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakipova</surname><given-names>Z. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алматы, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, str. Tole bi, Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Некоммерческое акционерное общество «Казахский национальный медицинский университет имени С. Д. Асфендиярова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джумабаева А.М., Кожамжарова А.С., Ибрагимова Л.Н., Тернинко И.И., Сурбеева Е.С., Сакипова З.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джумабаева А.М., Кожамжарова А.С., Ибрагимова Л.Н., Тернинко И.И., Сурбеева Е.С., Сакипова З.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jumabayeva A.M., Kozhamzharova A.S., Ibragimova L.N., Terninko I.I., Surbeeva E.S., Sakipova Z.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1545">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1545</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Инновационные технологии, новые подходы к созданию лекарственных препаратов, сочетание классических технологических приемов с новейшими тенденциями делает фармацевтическое производство направлением с позитивной динамикой развития. Но наряду с появлением новых синтетических препаратов, а также биотехнологической продукции остается актуальным использование растительного сырья для получения лекарственных средств. Фитопрепараты имеют ряд преимуществ перед синтетическими средствами, такие как относительно низкая токсичность (за исключением групп БАВ с выраженной фармакологической активностью – алкалоиды и сердечные гликозиды), отсутствие ксенобиотического действия сбалансированного комплекса растительных биологически активных веществ (БАВ) на организм, возможность рационального сочетания растительных и синтетических БАВ и другие, и, как следствие, являются препаратами выбора в педиатрической и гериатрической практиках, в том числе и для целей профилактической медицины. Флора Казахстана отличается присутствием эндемичных растений с достаточной сырьевой базой, что создает предпосылки для их фитохимического профилирования и последующей разработки фитопрепаратов. В этой связи привлекает внимание Ферула акичкенская (Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol.), которая имеет широкое распространение на территории Казахстана, отличается накоплением различных классов биологически-активных веществ (флавоноидов, кумаринов, эфирных масел) и имеет опыт применения в народной медицине.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить компонентный состав этанольных извлечений корней ферулы акичкенской методом ГХ/МС с использованием библиотеки Wiley 7th edition, NIST’02 и провести прогнозирование фармакологической активности идентифицированных соединений с использованием веб-ресурса PASS Оnline.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Этанольное извлечение корней получали путем экстракции сырья этанолом 80%-го в соотношении сырье : экстрагент (1 : 10) и при ультразвуковом воздействии с частотой 15–25 кГц в течение 10–20 мин с последующим отделением вытяжки от шрота. Анализ полученного извлечения проводили методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии (ГХ/МС) в режиме сканирования полного тока. Для расшифровки полученных масс-спектров использовали библиотеки Wiley 7th edition и NIST’02. Для прогнозирования биологической активности идентифицируемых соединений использовали веб-ресурс PASS Оnline.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Состав этанольного извлечения корней Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. характеризуется метаболомным профилем соединений, отличающимся от других представителей рода Ферула. Так, в корнях накапливается о-цимен, кислородное производное п-цимена тимол и 2,2'-метиленбис[6-(1,1-диметилэтил)-4-метилфенол. Данные соединения могут составлять маркерный профиль корней Ferula akitschkensis и использоваться при идентификации вида в рамках рода Ферула. Прогностическая оценка фармакологической активности идентифицированных соединений ферулы акичкенской показала наличие влияния на метаболические и биохимические процессы, в частности создание протонного потенциала на мембране митохондрий, катализ, окислительно-восстановительные процессы, стабилизацию клеточных мембран. Кроме того, можно прогнозировать спазмолитическую, фибринолитическую, антиоксидантную активности для корней ферулы акичкенской. И в фокусе создания потенциальных лекарственных средств на основе сырья данного вида ферулы целесообразно рассмотреть разработку дерматологических и ветрогонных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изучение фитохимического профиля этанольных извлечений корней Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. методом ГХ-МС позволило установить наличие о-цимена и производных п-цимена – тимола и 2,2'-метиленбис[6-(1,1-диметилэтил)-4-метилфенола. Данные соединения составляют маркерный профиль корней Ferula akitschkensis и могут использоваться при идентификации вида в рамках рода Ферула, так как тимол не является основным компонентом эфирного масла других представителей этого рода. Прогнозирование фармакологической активности идентифицируемых соединений in silico показало возможность использования сырья Ferula akitschkensis в комплексной терапии в качестве средства, улучшающего тканевое дыхание, при состояниях, сопровождающихся нарушением окислительно-восстановительных процессов в организме. Показано, что для потенциальных лекарственных кандидатов на основе корней ферулы акичкенской будет характерно спазмолитическое, фибринолитическое и антиоксидантное действие. Разработка лекарственных средств дерматологического направления также может быть в фокусе научных групп ввиду противоэкзематозной активности большинства соединений этанольного извлечения корней Ferula akitschkensis.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Innovative technologies, new approaches to the creation of medicines, a combination of classic technological methods with the latest trends makes pharmaceutical production a direction with positive dynamics of development. But along with the emergence of new synthetic drugs, as well as biotech products, the use of herbal raw materials for the production of medicines remains relevant. Phytopreparations have a number of undeniable advantages over synthetic drugs and are the drugs of choice in different age groups, including for preventive medicine. The flora of Kazakhstan is distinguished by the presence of endemic plants with a sufficient source of raw materials, which creates the prerequisites for their phytochemical profiling and the subsequent development of phytopreparations. In this regard, Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol., which is widespread in Kazakhstan, is distinguished by the accumulation of various classes of biologically active substances (flavonoids, coumarins, essential oils) and has experience in folk medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the component composition of ethanol extracts of Ferula akitschkensis roots by GC/MS using the Wiley 7th edition, NIST’02 library and to predict the pharmacological activity of identified compounds using the PASS Online web resource</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Ethanol extraction of roots was obtained by extraction of raw materials with 80 % ethanol in the ratio of raw materials : extractant 1 : 10 and under ultrasonic exposure at a frequency of 15–25 kHz for 10–20 min, followed by separation of the extract from the meal. The obtained extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in full current scanning mode. The obtained mass spectra were interpreted using the Wiley 7th edition and NIST’02 libraries. To predict the biological activity of the identified compounds, the PASS Online web resource was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The composition of the ethanol extract of the roots of Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. is characterized by a metabolomic profile of compounds that differs from other members of the Ferula genus. Thus, o-cymene, the oxygen derivative of p-cymene – thymol and 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol accumulate in the roots. These compounds can form a marker profile of the roots of Ferula akitschkensis and be used for species identification within the genus Ferula. The prognostic evaluation of the pharmacological activity of the identified compounds of Ferula akitschkensis showed the presence of an effect on metabolic and biochemical processes, in particular, the creation of a proton potential on the mitochondrial membrane, catalysis, redox processes, and stabilization of cell membranes. In addition, antispasmodic, fibrinolytic, and antioxidant activities can be predicted for the roots of Ferula akitschkensis. And in the focus of creating potential drugs based on the raw materials of this species of Ferula, it is advisable to consider the development of dermatological and carminative drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Study of the phytochemical profile of ethanol extracts from the roots of Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol. by GC-MS made it possible to establish the presence of o-cymene and p-cymene derivatives – thymol and 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol. These compounds make up the marker profile of the roots of Ferula akitschkensis and can be used to identify the species within the genus Ferula, since thymol is not the main component of the essential oil of other representatives of this genus. Prediction of the pharmacological activity of the identified compounds in silico showed the possibility of using Ferula akitschkensis raw materials in complex therapy as a means of improving tissue respiration in conditions accompanied by a violation of redox processes in the body. It has been shown that potential medicinal candidates based on the roots of Ferula akitschkensis will be characterized by antispasmodic, fibrinolytic and antioxidant effects. The development of dermatological drugs may also be in the focus of scientific groups due to the anti-eczematous activity of most compounds of the ethanolic extract of the roots of Ferula akitschkensis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol.</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматография-масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>корни</kwd><kwd>PASS Оnline</kwd><kwd>метаболомный профиль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ferula akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex Koso-Pol.</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>roots</kwd><kwd>PASS Online</kwd><kwd>metabolomic profile</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты работы получены с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Аналитический центр ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России» в рамках соглашения № 075-15-2021-685 от 26 июля 2021 года при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The results of the work were obtained using equipment the Сore Shared Research Facilities “Analytical Center” of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-685; dated 26 July 2021 on the provision of the Federal budget grants).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaqoob U., Nawchoo I. A. Distribution and taxonomy of Ferula L.: a review. Research &amp; Reviews: Journal of Botany. 2016;5(3):15–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaqoob U., Nawchoo I. A. Distribution and taxonomy of Ferula L.: a review. Research &amp; Reviews: Journal of Botany. 2016;5(3):15–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosseinzadeh N., Shomali T., Hosseinzadeh S., Raouf Fard F., Jalaei J., Fazeli M. Cytotoxic activity of Ferula persica gum essential oil on murine colon carcinoma (CT26) and Vero cell lines. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020;32(2):169–177. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1729880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosseinzadeh N., Shomali T., Hosseinzadeh S., Raouf Fard F., Jalaei J., Fazeli M. Cytotoxic activity of Ferula persica gum essential oil on murine colon carcinoma (CT26) and Vero cell lines. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020;32(2):169–177. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1729880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грудзинская Л. М., Гемеджиева Н. Г., Нелина Н. В, Каржаубекова Ж. Ж. Аннотированный список лекарственных растений Казахстана. Алматы. 2014. 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grudzinskaya L. M., Gemedzhieva N. G., Nelina N. V., Karzhaubekova Zh. Zh. Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan. Almaty. 2014. 200 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куприянов А. Н., Хрусталева И. А., Эбель А. Л. Флористические находки в Центральном Казахстане. Систематические заметки по материалам Гербария им. П. Н. Крылова Томского государственного университета. 2015;112:14–21. DOI: 10.17223/20764103.112.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupriyanov A. N., Khrustaleva I. A., Ebel A. L. Floristic finds in Central Kazakhstan. Systematic notes on the materials of the Herbarium. P. N. Krylov Tomsk State University. 2015;112:14–21. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17223/20764103.112.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сводный аналитический отчет о состоянии и использовании земель республики Казахстан за 2011 год. Комитет по управлению земельными ресурсами. Астана: Агентство РК по управлению земельными ресурсами. 2012. 191 с. Доступно по: https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2022/4/11/b09469de9be9cc54d2cc0e9cc7a77e84_original.7131188.pdf. Ссылка активна на 19.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Consolidated analytical report on the state and use of lands of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011. Land Management Committee. Astana: Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for land management. 2012. 191 334 p. Available at: https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2022/4/11/b09469de9be9cc54d2cc0e9cc7a77e84_original.7131188.pdf. Accessed: 19.03.2023. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonigra P., Meena M. Metabolic Profile, Bioactivities, and Variations in the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of the Ferula Genus (Apiaceae). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;11. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonigra P., Meena M. Metabolic Profile, Bioactivities, and Variations in the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of the Ferula Genus (Apiaceae). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;11. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niazmand R., Razavizadeh B. M. Ferula asafoetida: chemical composition, thermal behavior, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and gum hydroalcoholic extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2021;58(6):2148–2159. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04724-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niazmand R., Razavizadeh B. M. Ferula asafoetida: chemical composition, thermal behavior, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and gum hydroalcoholic extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2021;58(6):2148–2159. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04724-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavela R., Morshedloo M. R., Lupidi G., Carolla G., Barboni L., Quassinti L., Bramucci M., Vitali L. A., Petrelli D., Kavallieratos N. G., Boukouvala M. C., Ntalli N., Kontodimas D. C., Maggi F., Canale A., Benelli G. The volatile oils from the oleo-gum-resins of Ferula assa-foetida and Ferula gummosa: A comprehensive investigation of their insecticidal activity and eco-toxicological effects. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020;140:111312. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavela R., Morshedloo M. R., Lupidi G., Carolla G., Barboni L., Quassinti L., Bramucci M., Vitali L. A., Petrelli D., Kavallieratos N. G., Boukouvala M. C., Ntalli N., Kontodimas D. C., Maggi F., Canale A., Benelli G. The volatile oils from the oleo-gum-resins of Ferula assa-foetida and Ferula gummosa: A comprehensive investigation of their insecticidal activity and eco-toxicological effects. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020;140:111312. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badar S. N., Iqbal Z., Sajid M. S., Rizwan H. M., Shareef M., Malik M. A., Khan M. N. Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária. 2021;30(2):e001221. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612021028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badar S. N., Iqbal Z., Sajid M. S., Rizwan H. M., Shareef M., Malik M. A., Khan M. N. Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária. 2021;30(2):e001221. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612021028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amin A., Tuenter E., Cos P., Maes L., Exarchou V., Apers S., Pieters L. Antiprotozoal and Antiglycation Activities of Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula narthex Exudate. Molecules. 2016;21(10):1287. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amin A., Tuenter E., Cos P., Maes L., Exarchou V., Apers S., Pieters L. Antiprotozoal and Antiglycation Activities of Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula narthex Exudate. Molecules. 2016;21(10):1287. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C.-L., Chiang L.-C., Cheng L.-H., Liaw C.-C., Abd El-Razek M. H., Chang F.-R., Wu Y.-C. Influenza A (H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) Antiviral and Cytotoxic Agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of Natural Products. 2009;72(9):1568–1572. DOI: 10.1021/np900158f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C.-L., Chiang L.-C., Cheng L.-H., Liaw C.-C., Abd El-Razek M. H., Chang F.-R., Wu Y.-C. Influenza A (H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) Antiviral and Cytotoxic Agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of Natural Products. 2009;72(9):1568–1572. DOI: 10.1021/np900158f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macrì R., Musolino V., Gliozzi M., Carresi C., Maiuolo J., Nucera S., Scicchitano M., Bosco F., Scarano F., Ruga S., Zito M. C., Guarnieri L., Bombardelli E., Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5768. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macrì R., Musolino V., Gliozzi M., Carresi C., Maiuolo J., Nucera S., Scicchitano M., Bosco F., Scarano F., Ruga S., Zito M. C., Guarnieri L., Bombardelli E., Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5768. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y.-S., Yang B.-C., Zheng S.-M., Cheng Y.-X., Cui H.-H. Racemic Norlignans as Diastereoisomers from Ferula sinkiangensis Resins with Antitumor and Wound-Healing Promotion Activities. Molecules. 2022;27(12):3907. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y.-S., Yang B.-C., Zheng S.-M., Cheng Y.-X., Cui H.-H. Racemic Norlignans as Diastereoisomers from Ferula sinkiangensis Resins with Antitumor and Wound-Healing Promotion Activities. Molecules. 2022;27(12):3907. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iranshahi M., Rezaee R., Najaf Najafi M., Haghbin A., Kasaian J. Cytotoxic activity of the genus Ferul (Apiaceae) and its bioactive constituents. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 2018;8(4):296–312. DOI: 10.22038/AJP.2018.26953.1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iranshahi M., Rezaee R., Najaf Najafi M., Haghbin A., Kasaian J. Cytotoxic activity of the genus Ferul (Apiaceae) and its bioactive constituents. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 2018;8(4):296–312. DOI: 10.22038/AJP.2018.26953.1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma S., Khambhala P., Joshi S., Kothari V., Patel T., Seshadri S. Evaluating the role of dithiolane rich fraction of Ferula asafoetida (apiaceae) for its antiproliferative and apoptotic properties: in vitro studies. Experimental Oncology. 2019;41(2):90–94. DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-41-no-2.12989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma S., Khambhala P., Joshi S., Kothari V., Patel T., Seshadri S. Evaluating the role of dithiolane rich fraction of Ferula asafoetida (apiaceae) for its antiproliferative and apoptotic properties: in vitro studies. Experimental Oncology. 2019;41(2):90–94. DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-41-no-2.12989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong C., Zhan P., Tian H., Wang P., Lei F. Anti-ulcer activity of the three different extracts of Ferula lehmannii Boiss leaf in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019;32(6):2625–2632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong C., Zhan P., Tian H., Wang P., Lei F. Anti-ulcer activity of the three different extracts of Ferula lehmannii Boiss leaf in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019;32(6):2625–2632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fatehi M., Farifteh F., Fatehi-Hassanabad Z. Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula asafoetida gum extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004;91(2–3):321–324. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fatehi M., Farifteh F., Fatehi-Hassanabad Z. Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula asafoetida gum extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004;91(2–3):321–324. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiasalari Z., Khalili M., Roghani M., Heidari H., Azizi Y. Antiepileptic and Antioxidant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferula Assa Foetida Gum on Pentylentetrazole-induced Kindling in Male Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2013;4(4):299–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiasalari Z., Khalili M., Roghani M., Heidari H., Azizi Y. Antiepileptic and Antioxidant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferula Assa Foetida Gum on Pentylentetrazole-induced Kindling in Male Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2013;4(4):299–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latifi E., Mohammadpour A. A., Fathi H B., Nourani H. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy. 2019;110:197–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latifi E., Mohammadpour A. A., Fathi H B., Nourani H. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy 2019;110:197–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagheri S. M., Dashti-R M. H., Morshedi A. Antinociceptive effect of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin in mice. Res Pharm Sci. 2014;9(3):207–212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagheri S. M., Dashti-R M. H., Morshedi A. Antinociceptive effect of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin in mice. Res Pharm Sci. 2014;9(3):207–212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабланова Д. А., Мирзадинов Р. А., Акымбекова Л. Д. Ферулы (Ferula) Казахстана и их народнохозяйственное значение. Вестник науки и образования.2020;20(98):18–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kablanova D. A., Mirzadinov R. A., Akymbekova L. D. Ferula (Ferula) of Kazakhstan and their national significance. Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya. 2020;20(98):18–21. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salehi M., Naghavi M. R., Bahmankar M. A review of Ferula species: biochemical characteristics, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and suggestions for biotechnologists. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;139:111511. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salehi M., Naghavi M. R., Bahmankar M. A review of Ferula species: biochemical characteristics, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and suggestions for biotechnologists. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;139:111511. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Znati M., Jabrane A., Hajlaoui H., Harzallah-Skhiri F., Bouajila J. Casanova J., Ben Jannet H. Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of the flower oil of Ferula lutea. Natural Product Communications. 2012;7(7):1934578X1200700. DOI: 10.1177/1934578X1200700738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Znati M., Jabrane A., Hajlaoui H., Harzallah-Skhiri F., Bouajila J. Casanova J., Ben Jannet H. Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of the flower oil of Ferula lutea. Natural Product Communications. 2012;7(7):1934578X1200700. DOI: 10.1177/1934578X1200700738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koulaei S. A., Hadjiakhoondi A., Delnavazi M. R., Tofighi Z., Ajani Y., Kiashi F., Yasa N. Chemical composition and biological activity of Ferula aucheri essential oil. Res. J. Pharmacogn. 2020;7(2):21–31. DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.210354.1537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koulaei S. A., Hadjiakhoondi A., Delnavazi M. R., Tofighi Z., Ajani Y., Kiashi F., Yasa N. Chemical composition and biological activity of Ferula aucheri essential oil. Res. J. Pharmacogn. 2020;7(2):21–31. DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.210354.1537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utegenova G. A., Pallister K. B., Kushnarenko S. V., Özek G., Özek T., Abidkulova K. T., Kirpotina L. N., Schepetkin I. A., Quinn M. T., Voyich J. M. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Ferula L. Species against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2018;23(7):1679. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utegenova G. A., Pallister K. B., Kushnarenko S. V., Özek G., Özek T., Abidkulova K. T., Kirpotina L. N., Schepetkin I. A., Quinn M. T., Voyich J. M. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Ferula L. Species against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2018;23(7):1679. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zellagui A., Gherraf N., Rhouati S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Ferula vesceritensis Coss et Dur. leaves, endemic in Algeria. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2012;2(1). DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zellagui A., Gherraf N., Rhouati S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Ferula vesceritensis Coss et Dur. leaves, endemic in Algeria. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2012;2(1). DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadhosseini M., Venditti A., Akbarzadeh A. The genus Perovskia Kar.: ethnobotany, chemotaxonomy and phytochemistry: a review. Toxin Reviews. 2021;40(4):484–505. DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1691013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammadhosseini M., Venditti A., Akbarzadeh A. The genus Perovskia Kar.: ethnobotany, chemotaxonomy and phytochemistry: a review. Toxin Reviews. 2021;40(4):484–505. DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1691013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassanabadi M., Ebrahimi M., Farajpour M., Dejahang A. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;140:111598. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassanabadi M., Ebrahimi M., Farajpour M., Dejahang A. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;140:111598. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сурбеева Е. С., Сипкина Н. Ю., Комова С. И., Ефремова У. А., Тернинко И. И. Скрининг липофильных фракций ботанических форм Сельдерея пахучего методом ГХ/МС. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2022;11(3):181–194. DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-3-181-194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surbeeva E.S., Sipkina N.Yu., Komova S.I., Screening of Lipophilic Fractions of Botanical Forms of Celery by GC/MS Method. Drug development &amp; registration. 2022;11(3):181–194. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-3-181-194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
