<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-3-218-227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительное адаптивное исследование фармакокинетики и биоэквивалентности препаратов GP30121 и Цераксон® с использованием коррекции на уровень эндогенного аналита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An Open-label Randomized Crossover Study with Adaptive Design of the Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of GP30121 and Ceraxon® Corrected for Endogenous Analyte Level</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-3581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арефьева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arevefa</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-А;197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Saint-Petersburg, Strel'na settlement, 198515;6–8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anna.Arefeva@geropharm.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-6325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доротенко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorotenko</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-А;197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Saint-Petersburg, Strel'na settlement, 198515;6–8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-9409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150007, г. Ярославль, ул. Маяковского, д. 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61, Mayakovskogo str., Yaroslavl, 150007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-0608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-А; 127473, г. Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Saint-Petersburg, Strel'na settlement, 198515; 20/1, Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-6097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драй</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drai</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198515, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Стрельна, ул. Связи, д. 34-А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34-A, Svyazi str., Saint-Petersburg, Strel'na settlement, 198515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopolsky Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арчакова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archakova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopolsky Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-8186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багаева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagaeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopolsky Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shokhin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopolsky Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Закрытое акционерное общество «Фарм-Холдинг»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CJSC "Pharm Holding"; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Ярославской области «Клиническая больница № 3»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital No. 3</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Закрытое акционерное общество «Фарм-Холдинг»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А. И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО «МГМСУ им. А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CJSC "Pharm Holding"; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Закрытое акционерное общество «Фарм-Холдинг»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CJSC "Pharm Holding"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр фармацевтической аналитики»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC "Center for Pharmaceutical Analytics"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арефьева А.Н., Доротенко А.Р., Носков С.М., Макаренко И.Е., Драй Р.В., Комаров Т.Н., Арчакова О.А., Багаева Н.С., Шохин И.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арефьева А.Н., Доротенко А.Р., Носков С.М., Макаренко И.Е., Драй Р.В., Комаров Т.Н., Арчакова О.А., Багаева Н.С., Шохин И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arevefa A.N., Dorotenko A.R., Noskov S.M., Makarenko I.E., Drai R.V., Komarov T.N., Archakova O.A., Bagaeva N.S., Shokhin I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1561">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1561</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Цитиколин – естественный эндогенный нуклеозид, состоящий из цитидина и холина, связанных дифосфатным мостиком, участвующий в синтезе мембранных фосфолипидов в качестве промежуточного звена. Препараты цитиколина обладают нейропротекторным и нейрометаболическим действием, используются для лечения широкого спектра неврологической патологии. Для регистрации воспроизведенного препарата цитиколина необходимо проведение исследования биоэквивалентности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью данного исследования являлось изучение сравнительной фармакокинетики (ФК) и биоэквивалентности препаратов, содержащих цитиколин – GP30121 и Цераксон®, у здоровых добровольцев при приеме натощак.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В настоящей статье описана оценка фармакокинетики препаратов, содержащих цитиколин, с коррекцией на фоновое значение аналита (уридина). Для проведения исследования был выбран адаптивный дизайн. Определение концентрации уридина было выполнено методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием. Статистический анализ проводили при помощи программного обеспечения R Project, версия 3.6.3.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Было показано, что значения 94.12%-х ДИ при α = 0,0294 для отношений геометрических средних основных ФК параметров основного метаболита действующего вещества исследуемых препаратов укладываются в допустимые пределы 80.00–125.00 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Была доказана биоэквивалентность препаратов, из чего можно сделать вывод, что данный подход может быть рассмотрен в исследованиях других лекарственных средств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Citicoline is an endogenous nucleoside consisting of cytidine and choline linked by a diphosphate bridge that is involved in the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. Drugs containing citicoline have neuroprotective and neurometabolic effects and are used for the treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders. In its turn, bioequivalence study is a pathway to register a generic citicoline drug in Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics (PK) and bioequivalence of two citicoline-containing drugs GP30121 and Ceraxon® in healthy male volunteers when taken on an empty stomach.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of citicoline-containing drugs corrected for endogenous analyte (uridine) level using an adaptive design. We determined uridine concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. We used R Project software, version 3.6.3. for performing statistical analysis for the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. GP30121 and Ceraxon® exhibited similar PK profiles. It was shown that the values of 94.12 % confidence interval (CI) at α = 0.0294 for the geometric mean ratios for the primary PK parameters of the main metabolite of the active ingredient of the investigated drugs were fully contained within the predefined equivalence limits of 80.00–125.00 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study demonstrates bioequivalence of GP30121 and Ceraxon® proving the approach with the correction for endogenous analyte could be considered in studies of other drugs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитиколин</kwd><kwd>уридин</kwd><kwd>адаптивный дизайн</kwd><kwd>биодоступность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>citicoline</kwd><kwd>uridine</kwd><kwd>bioavailability</kwd><kwd>adaptive design</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование финансировалось ООО «ГЕРОФАРМ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by LLC "GEROPHARM".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin V. L., Forouzanfar M. H., Krishnamurthi R., Mensah G. A., Connor M., Bennett D. A., Moran A. E., Sacco R. L., Anderson L., Truelsen T., O’Donnell M., Venketasubramanian N., Barker-Collo S., Lawes C. M., Wang W., Shinohara Y., Witt E., Ezzati M., Naghavi M., Murray C. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2014;383(9913):245–254. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61953-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feigin V. L., Forouzanfar M. H., Krishnamurthi R., Mensah G. A., Connor M., Bennett D. A., Moran A. E., Sacco R. L., Anderson L., Truelsen T., O’Donnell M., Venketasubramanian N., Barker-Collo S., Lawes C. M., Wang W., Shinohara Y., Witt E., Ezzati M., Naghavi M., Murray C. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2014;383(9913):245–254. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61953-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potvin D., DiLiberti C., Hauck W., Parr A., Schuirmann D., Smith R. A. Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs. Pharmaceutical Statistics. 2008;7(4):245–262. DOI: 10.1002/pst.294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potvin D., DiLiberti C., Hauck W., Parr A., Schuirmann D., Smith R. A. Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs. Pharmaceutical Statistics. 2008;7(4):245–262. DOI: 10.1002/pst.294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters G. J. Re-evaluation of Brequinar sodium, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 2018;37(12):666–678. DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1508692.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters G. J. Re-evaluation of Brequinar sodium, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 2018;37(12):666–678. DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1508692.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen K., Liu X., Wei C., Yuan G., Zhang R., Li R., Wang B., Guo R. Determination of Uridine in Human Plasma by HPLC and its Application in Citicoline Sodium Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Studies. Journal of Bioequivalence &amp; Bioavailability. 2011;3(4):072–076. DOI: 10.4172/JBB.1000062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen K., Liu X., Wei C., Yuan G., Zhang R., Li R., Wang B., Guo R. Determination of Uridine in Human Plasma by HPLC and its Application in Citicoline Sodium Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Studies. Journal of Bioequivalence &amp; Bioavailability. 2011;3(4):072–076. DOI: 10.4172/JBB.1000062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адонин В. К., Ромодановский Д. П., Ниязов Р. Р. Особенности проведения исследования биоэквивалентности лекарственных препаратов -аналогов эндогенных соединений. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 2015;3:3–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adonin V. K., Romodanovskiy D. P., Niyazov R. R. Specific features of the bioequivalence study of drugs – analogs of endogenous compounds. Vedomosti Nauchnogo tsentra ekspertizy sredstv meditsinskogo primeneniya. 2015;3:3–7. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов А. Н. Руководство по экспертизе лекарственных средств. Том III. М.: ПОЛИГРАФ-ПЛЮС; 2014. 344 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov A. N., Guidelines for the Medicinal Products Examination. Volume III. Moscow: POLIGRAF-PLYuS; 2014. 344 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dissanayake S. Assessing the bioequivalence of analogues of endogenous substances (‘endogenous drugs’): considerations to optimize study design. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2010;69(3):238–244. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03585.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dissanayake S. Assessing the bioequivalence of analogues of endogenous substances (‘endogenous drugs’): considerations to optimize study design. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2010;69(3):238–244. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03585.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez G-Coviella I., Agut J., Von Borstel R., Wurtman R. J. Metabolism of cytidine (5) – diphosphocholine (cdp-choline) following oral and intravenous administration to the human and the rat. Neurochemistry International. 1987;11(3):293–297. DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(87)90049-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez G-Coviella I., Agut J., Von Borstel R., Wurtman R. J. Metabolism of cytidine (5) – diphosphocholine (cdp-choline) following oral and intravenous administration to the human and the rat. Neurochemistry International. 1987;11(3):293–297. DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(87)90049-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wurtman R. J., Regan M., Ulus I., Yu L. Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2000;60(7):989–992. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00436-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wurtman R. J., Regan M., Ulus I., Yu L. Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2000;60(7):989–992. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00436-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарева И. Б. Адаптивный дизайн в клинических исследованиях: преимущества и риски. Качественная клиническая практика. 2017;3:23–34. DOI: 10.24411/2588-0519-2017-00018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondareva I. B. Adaptive designs in clinical trials: benefits and risks. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2017;3:23–34. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/2588-0519-2017-00018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pocock S. Group sequential methods in the design and analysis of clinical trials. Biometrika. 1977;64(8):191–199. DOI: 10.2307/2335684.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pocock S. Group sequential methods in the design and analysis of clinical trials. Biometrika. 1977;64(8):191–199. DOI: 10.2307/2335684.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Талибов О. Б. Использование адаптивного дизайна в исследованиях биоэквивалентности (обзор). Вестник Росздравнадзора. 2015;2:31–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talibov O. B. Adaptive design in bioequivalence studies (a review). Vestnik Roszdravnadzora. 2015;2:31–34. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
