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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1478</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1723</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомаркеры ишемии головного мозга (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-7238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Marshala Novikova str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Marshala Novikova str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgbalakin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-5813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Marshala Novikova str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А. И. Бурназяна ФМБА России»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самойлов А.С., Балакин Е.И., Пустовойт В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самойлов А.С., Балакин Е.И., Пустовойт В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samoylov A.S., Balakin E.I., Pustovoit V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1723">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1723</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Инсульты остаются на втором месте среди основных причин смертности и на третьем среди всех заболеваний, приводящих к инвалидности. Для более эффективной диагностики транзиторной ишемической атаки (ТИА) необходимо использовать дополнительное исследование сывороточных биомаркеров, однако большинство нейроспецифических биомаркеров имеют низкую прогностическую специфичность и чувствительность. Своевременное определение ТИА и дифференциальная диагностика инсульта в первый час позволит обеспечить более короткий период восстановления пациентов и уменьшить риск смертности и инвалидизации. Для преодоления трудностей диагностики ТИА необходимо включить исследование сывороточных биомаркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. Нейроспецифические биомаркеры, такие как S100B, GFAP и NSE, используются для диагностики острого ишемического повреждения глиальных клеток и нейронов. S100B и GFAP обнаруживаются в астроцитах, а NSE – в нейронах и клетках нейроэндокринной системы. Повышение концентрации этих биомаркеров в сыворотке крови связано с различными патологическими состояниями, такими как инсульты, травмы головного мозга и другие поражения центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Динамический мониторинг концентрации биомаркеров позволяет оценить эффективность проводимой терапии и выявить предикторы ухудшения состояния пациента для оперативной коррекции лечебных процедур. Для создания диагностической панели необходимо изучить метаболические процессы в ишемизированной ткани, учитывая сопутствующие диагнозы и результаты нейровизуализации, а также использовать прорывные достижения в машинном обучении и технологиях обработки больших данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обзор показал, что ни один из оцененных биомаркеров не может быть рекомендован для диагностики нарушения мозгового кровообращения, однако сочетание нескольких нейроспецифических биомаркеров может значительно повысить диагностическую эффективность и найти применение в дифференциальной диагностике инсульта, внутричерепной гематомы и других поражений головного мозга с целью проведения ранней фармакотерапии поражений ЦНС и в качестве суррогатных точек при проведении клинических исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Strokes remain the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Additional serum biomarker testing should be used to better diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA), but most neurospecific biomarkers have low prognostic specificity and sensitivity. Timely identification of TIA and differential diagnosis of stroke in the first hour will ensure a shorter period of patient recovery and reduce the risk of mortality and disability. Serum biomarker studies should be included to overcome the difficulty of diagnosing TIA.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. Neurospecific biomarkers such as S100B, GFAP, and NSE are used to diagnose acute ischemic damage to glial cells and neurons. S100B and GFAP are detected in astrocytes and NSE in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers are associated with various pathological conditions such as strokes and brain injuries and other central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Dynamic monitoring of biomarker concentrations makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of the ongoing therapy and to identify predictors of patient deterioration for prompt correction of therapeutic procedures. To create a diagnostic panel it is necessary to study metabolic processes in ischemic tissue, taking into account concomitant diagnoses and results of neuroimaging, and to use breakthrough advances in machine learning and big data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The review showed that none of the assessed biomarkers can be recommended for the diagnosis of cerebral circulation disorders, but the combination of several neurospecific biomarkers can significantly improve diagnostic efficiency and find application in the differential diagnosis of stroke, intracranial hematoma, and other brain lesions for the purpose of early pharmacotherapy of CNS lesions and as surrogate endpoints during clinical trials.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>транзиторная ишемическая атака</kwd><kwd>ТИА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>transient ischemic attack</kwd><kwd>TIA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin V. L., Stark B. A., Johnson C. O., Roth G. A., Bisignano C., Abady G. G., et al. 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