<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1653</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты доклинических исследований 4-(2-(4-нитрофенил)-2-оксоэтил)-1-(тиетан-3-ил)-1Н-1,2,4-триазол-4-ия бромида в отношении системы гемостаза в условиях in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of Preclinical Studies of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4-th Bromide in Relation to the Hemostasis System in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванг</surname><given-names>Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>310030, г. Ханчжоу, ул. Юхангтан, д. 2318</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2318, Yuhangtang str., Hangzhou, 310030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-0325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>11942, г. Амман, улица Королевы Рании</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>School of Pharmacy. Queen Rania str., Amman, 11942</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-6030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клен</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klen</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розит</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozit</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-5762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2615-7167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолярчук</surname><given-names>Е. А. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyarchuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завадич</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadich</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-9135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-499X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самородов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorodov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avsamorodov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ханчжоуский педагогический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hangzhou Normal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иорданский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The University of Jordan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО БГМУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>246</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ванг Ю., Булатова Н.Р., Клен Е.Э., Розит Г.А., Никитина И.Л., Смолярчук Е.А., Завадич К.А., Крылова И.Д., Самородов А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ванг Ю., Булатова Н.Р., Клен Е.Э., Розит Г.А., Никитина И.Л., Смолярчук Е.А., Завадич К.А., Крылова И.Д., Самородов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Bulatova N.R., Klen E.E., Rozit G.A., Nikitina I.L., Smolyarchuk E.A., Zavadich K.A., Krylova I.D., Samorodov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1756">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1756</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Характерным проявлением сосудистого поражения головного мозга являются депрессивные расстройства, которые сопутствуют как острым, так и хроническим нарушениям мозгового кровообращения. Депрессия не только снижает качество жизни пациента, но и затрудняет лечение базисного сосудистого заболевания, повышает риск развития инсульта и летального исхода. Поэтому комплексная терапия сосудистой депрессии включает не только антидепрессанты, но и базисные средства для коррекции последствий нарушений мозгового кровотока, в том числе с антиагрегантной активностью. В этой связи разработка новой молекулы на основе тиетансодержащих гетероциклов, сочетающей в себе свойства антидепрессанта и антиагреганта.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести доклиническую оценку 4-(2-(4-нитрофенил)-2-оксоэтил)-1-(тиетан-3-ил)-1Н-1,2,4-триазол-4-ия бромида при введении крысам.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование влияния 4-(2-(4-нитрофенил)-2-оксоэтил)-1-(тиетан-3-ил)-1Н-1,2,4-триазол-4-ия бромида на систему гемостаза при внутривенном и внутрижелудочном введении здоровым белым нелинейным половозрелым крысам-самцам (n = 160). Проводилась тромбоэластография на аппарате TEG 5000, активированная 0,2 М раствором хлорида кальция, агрегатометрия по Born и стандартные клоттинговые тесты по оценке коагуляционного звена гемостаза.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что 4-(2-(4-нитрофенил)-2-оксоэтил)-1-(тиетан-3-ил)-1Н-1,2,4-триазол-4-ия бромида при пeрoрaльнoм ввeдeнии прeвocхoдило пo уровню ED50 ацетилсалициловую кислоту в 2,8 рaзa, а при внутривенном пути введения в 1,8 раза соответственно. Aнaлoгичный эффeкт пeнтoкcифиллинa при внутривенном пути введения регистрировался в кoнцeнтрaции 27,8 мг/кг против 12,4 мг/кг соединения I. Результаты комплексного метода оценки состояния системы гемостаза – тромбоэластографии, свидетельствуют о более выраженном антиагрегационном действии данного соединения по сравнению с пентоксифиллином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, в результате доклинических исследований 4-(2-(4-нитрофенил)-2-оксоэтил)-1-(тиетан-3-ил)-1Н-1,2,4-триазол-4-ия бромида установлено сочетание антидепресивной и антиагрегационной активности, что может послужить основой для дальнейшей разработки лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A characteristic manifestation of vascular brain damage is depressive disorders that accompany both acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation. Depression not only reduces the patient's quality of life, but also complicates the treatment of basic vascular disease, increases the risk of stroke and death. Therefore, complex therapy of vascular depression includes not only antidepressants, but also basic means to correct the consequences of disorders of cerebral blood flow, including with antiplatelet activity. In this regard, the development of a new molecule based on thietane-containing heterocycles, combining the properties of an antidepressant and an antiplatelet agent.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct a preclinical evaluation of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4 bromide when administered to rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A study was conducted of the effect of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietan-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-bromide on the hemostasis system during intravenous and intragastric administration to healthy white non-linear sexually mature male rats (n = 160). Thromboelastography was performed on a TEG 5000 device, activated with a 0.2 M solution of calcium chloride, Born aggregometry and standard clotting tests to assess the coagulation component of hemostasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Result and discussion</title><p>Result and discussion. The findings show that 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4-th bromide with peroral administration exceeded acetylsalicylic acid by 2.8 times in terms of ED50, and by 1.8 times with intravenous way of administration accordingly. A similar effect of pentoxifylline in the intravenous route of administration was recorded at a concentration of 27.8 mg/kg versus 12.4 mg/kg of compound I. The results of a complex method to assess the state of the hemostasis system indicate a more pronounced antiaggregational effect of compound I compared with pentoxifylline and acetylsalicylic acid.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Preclinical studies of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4 bromide, was demonstrated that a combination of antidepressant and antiplatelet activity, which can serve as a basis for further drug development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производные 3-замещенных тиетанов</kwd><kwd>антиагрегационная активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>derivatives of 3-substituted thietanes</kwd><kwd>antiaggregational activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-25-00144, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-00144.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-25-00144, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-00144.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreotti F., Geisler T., Collet J., Gigante B., Gorog D., Halvorsen S., Lip G., Morais J., Navarese E., Patrono C., Rocca B., Rubboli A., Sibbing D., Storey R., Verheugt F., Vilahur G. Acute, periprocedural and longterm antithrombotic therapy in older adults: 2022 Update by the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis. European Heart Journal. 2023;44(4):262–279. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreotti F., Geisler T., Collet J., Gigante B., Gorog D., Halvorsen S., Lip G., Morais J., Navarese E., Patrono C., Rocca B., Rubboli A., Sibbing D., Storey R., Verheugt F., Vilahur G. Acute, periprocedural and longterm antithrombotic therapy in older adults: 2022 Update by the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis. European Heart Journal. 2023;44(4):262–279. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baigent C., Blackwell L., Collins R., Emberson J., Godwin J., Peto R., Buring J., Hennekens C., Kearney P., Meade T., Patrono C., Roncaglioni M., Zanchetti A. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373(9678):1849–1860. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baigent C., Blackwell L., Collins R., Emberson J., Godwin J., Peto R., Buring J., Hennekens C., Kearney P., Meade T., Patrono C., Roncaglioni M., Zanchetti A. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373(9678):1849–1860. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badimon L., Vilahur G., Rocca B., Patrono C. The key contribution of platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolism to the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular Research. 2021;117(9):2001–2015. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badimon L., Vilahur G., Rocca B., Patrono C. The key contribution of platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolism to the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular Research. 2021;117(9):2001–2015. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alenazy F. O., Thomas M. R. Novel antiplatelet targets in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Platelets. 2021;32(1):15–28. DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1763731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alenazy F. O., Thomas M. R. Novel antiplatelet targets in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Platelets. 2021;32(1):15–28. DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1763731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrono C., Bachmann F., Baigent C., Bode C., De Caterina R., Charbonnier B., Fitzgerald D., Hirsh J., Husted S., Kvasnicka J., Montalescot G., García Rodríguez L., Verheugt F., Vermylen J., Wallentin L., Priori S., Alonso Garcia M., Blanc J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Dean V., Deckers J., Fernández Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O., Morais J., Deckers J., Ferreira R., Mazzotta G., Steg P., Teixeira F., Wilcox R. Expert consensus document on the use of antiplatelet agents. The task force on the use of antiplatelet agents in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of the European society of cardiology. European Heart Journal. 2004;25(2):166–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.10.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrono C., Bachmann F., Baigent C., Bode C., De Caterina R., Charbonnier B., Fitzgerald D., Hirsh J., Husted S., Kvasnicka J., Montalescot G., García Rodríguez L., Verheugt F., Vermylen J., Wallentin L., Priori S., Alonso Garcia M., Blanc J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Dean V., Deckers J., Fernández Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O., Morais J., Deckers J., Ferreira R., Mazzotta G., Steg P., Teixeira F., Wilcox R. Expert consensus document on the use of antiplatelet agents. The task force on the use of antiplatelet agents in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of the European society of cardiology. European Heart Journal. 2004;25(2):166–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.10.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrono C., Andreotti F., Arnesen H., Badimon L., Baigent C., Collet J., De Caterina R., Gulba D., Huber K., Husted S., Kristensen S., Morais J., Neumann F., Rasmussen L., Siegbahn A., Steg P., Storey R., Van de Werf F., Verheugt F. Antiplatelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis. European Heart Journal. 2011;32:2922–2932. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrono C., Andreotti F., Arnesen H., Badimon L., Baigent C., Collet J., De Caterina R., Gulba D., Huber K., Husted S., Kristensen S., Morais J., Neumann F., Rasmussen L., Siegbahn A., Steg P., Storey R., Van de Werf F., Verheugt F. Antiplatelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis. European Heart Journal. 2011;32:2922–2932. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Douketis J. D., Spyropoulos A. C., Murad M. H., Arcelus J. I., Dager W. E., Dunn A. S., Fargo R. A., Levy J. H., Samama C. M., Shah S. H., Sherwood M. W., Tafur A. J., Tang L. V., Moores L. K. Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. Chest. 2022;162(5):e207–e243. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.07.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Douketis J. D., Spyropoulos A. C., Murad M. H., Arcelus J. I., Dager W. E., Dunn A. S., Fargo R. A., Levy J. H., Samama C. M., Shah S. H., Sherwood M. W., Tafur A. J., Tang L. V., Moores L. K. Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. Chest. 2022;162(5):e207–e243. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.07.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greco A., Occhipinti G., Giacoppo D., Agnello F., Laudani C., Spagnolo M., Mauro M., Rochira C., Finocchiaro S., Mazzone P., Faro D., Landolina D., Ammirabile N., Imbesi A., Raffo C., Capodanno D. Antithrombotic Therapy for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;82(15):1538–1557. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.07.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greco A., Occhipinti G., Giacoppo D., Agnello F., Laudani C., Spagnolo M., Mauro M., Rochira C., Finocchiaro S., Mazzone P., Faro D., Landolina D., Ammirabile N., Imbesi A., Raffo C., Capodanno D. Antithrombotic Therapy for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;82(15):1538–1557. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.07.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lutsey P. L., Zakai N. A. Epidemiology and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023;20(4):248–262. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00787-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutsey P. L., Zakai N. A. Epidemiology and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023;20(4):248–262. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00787-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heit J. A., O’Fallon W. M., Petterson T. M., Lohse C. M., Silverstein M. D., Mohr D. N., Melton L. J. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162(11):1245–1248. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.162.11.1245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heit J. A., O’Fallon W. M., Petterson T. M., Lohse C. M., Silverstein M. D., Mohr D. N., Melton L. J. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162(11):1245–1248. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.162.11.1245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timp J. F., Braekkan S. K., Versteeg H. H., Cannegieter S. C. Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Blood. 2013;122(10):1712–123. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-460121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timp J. F., Braekkan S. K., Versteeg H. H., Cannegieter S. C. Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Blood. 2013;122(10):1712–123. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-460121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrono C. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and Cancer: The Missing Pieces. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2023;386(2):181–189. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrono C. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and Cancer: The Missing Pieces. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2023;386(2):181–189. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piazza G., Goldhaber S., Kroll A., Goldberg R., Emery C., Spencer F. Venous thromboembolism in patients with diabetes mellitus. The American Journal of Medicine. 2012;125(7):709–716. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.12.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piazza G., Goldhaber S., Kroll A., Goldberg R., Emery C., Spencer F. Venous thromboembolism in patients with diabetes mellitus. The American Journal of Medicine. 2012;125(7):709–716. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.12.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wascher T. C., Stulnig T. M., Saely C. H., Stechemesser L. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (Update 2023). Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2023;135:161–163. DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02168-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wascher T. C., Stulnig T. M., Saely C. H., Stechemesser L. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (Update 2023). Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2023;135:161–163. DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02168-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinzmann A. C., Coenen D. M., Vajen T., Cosemans J. M., Koenen R. R. Combined antiplatelet therapy reduces the proinflammatory properties of activated platelets. TH Open. 2021;5(4):e533–e542. DOI: 10.1055/a-1682-3415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heinzmann A. C., Coenen D. M., Vajen T., Cosemans J. M., Koenen R. R. Combined antiplatelet therapy reduces the proinflammatory properties of activated platelets. TH Open. 2021;5(4):e533–e542. DOI: 10.1055/a-1682-3415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldhaber S. Z., Turpie A. G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized medical patients. Circulation. 2005;111(1):1–3. DOI: 10.1161/01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldhaber S. Z., Turpie A. G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized medical patients. Circulation. 2005;111(1):1–3. DOI: 10.1161/01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olie R. H., van der Meijden P. E. J., Spronk H. M. H., ten Cate H. Antithrombotic Therapy: Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Atherothrombosis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2022;270:103–130. DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olie R. H., van der Meijden P. E. J., Spronk H. M. H., ten Cate H. Antithrombotic Therapy: Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Atherothrombosis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2022;270:103–130. DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geerts W. H., Pineo G. F., Heit J. A., Bergqvist D., Lassen M. R., Colwell C. W., Ray J. G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3):338S-400S. DOI: 10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geerts W. H., Pineo G. F., Heit J. A., Bergqvist D., Lassen M. R., Colwell C. W., Ray J. G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3):338S-400S. DOI: 10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamran H., Jneid H., Kayani W. T., Virani S. S., Levine G. N., Nambi V., Khalid U. Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review. JAMA. 2021;325(15):1545–1555. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.0716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamran H., Jneid H., Kayani W. T., Virani S. S., Levine G. N., Nambi V., Khalid U. Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review. JAMA. 2021;325(15):1545–1555. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.0716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habib A., Petrucci G., Rocca B. Pathophysiology of Thrombosis in Peripheral Artery Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2020;18(3):204–214. DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190206234046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habib A., Petrucci G., Rocca B. Pathophysiology of Thrombosis in Peripheral Artery Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2020;18(3):204–214. DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190206234046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma R., Kumar P., Prashanth S., Belagali Y. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease. Cardiology and Therapy. 2020;9(2):349–361. DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00197-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma R., Kumar P., Prashanth S., Belagali Y. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease. Cardiology and Therapy. 2020;9(2):349–361. DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00197-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos-Gallego C. G., Badimon J. Overview of Aspirin and Platelet Biology. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2021;144(1):2–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos-Gallego C. G., Badimon J. Overview of Aspirin and Platelet Biology. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2021;144(1):2–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gragnano F., Moscarella E., Calabrò P., Cesaro A., Pafundi P. C., Ielasi A., Patti G., Cavallari I., Antonucci E., Cirillo P., Pignatelli P., Palareti G., Pelliccia F., Gaudio C., Sasso F. C., Pengo V., Gresele P., Marcucci R. Fimiani F., Vitale R. A., Schiavo A., Conte M., Di Maio D., Pastori D., Menichelli D., Grossi G., Di Serafino L., Taglialatela V., Galiero R., Acierno C., del Pinto M., Gugliemini G. Clopidogrel versus ticagrelor in high-bleeding risk patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes: insights from the multicenter START-ANTIPLATELET registry. Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2021;16(2):379–387. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02404-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gragnano F., Moscarella E., Calabrò P., Cesaro A., Pafundi P. C., Ielasi A., Patti G., Cavallari I., Antonucci E., Cirillo P., Pignatelli P., Palareti G., Pelliccia F., Gaudio C., Sasso F. C., Pengo V., Gresele P., Marcucci R. Fimiani F., Vitale R. A., Schiavo A., Conte M., Di Maio D., Pastori D., Menichelli D., Grossi G., Di Serafino L., Taglialatela V., Galiero R., Acierno C., del Pinto M., Gugliemini G. Clopidogrel versus ticagrelor in high-bleeding risk patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes: insights from the multicenter START-ANTIPLATELET registry. Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2021;16(2):379–387. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02404-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khaliullin F. A., Klen E. E., Nikitina I. L., Pavlov V. N., Rozit G. A., Gaisina G. G., Samorodov A. V. Synthesis and antidepressant activity of thietane-containing 4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4 bromides. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2023;56:1596–1603. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.1007/s11094-023-02832-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaliullin F. A., Klen E. E., Nikitina I. L., Pavlov V. N., Rozit G. A., Gaisina G. G., Samorodov A. V. Synthesis and antidepressant activity of thietane-containing 4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4 bromides. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2023;56:1596–1603. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.1007/s11094-023-02832-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng T. J., Kohs T. C., Mueller P. A., Pang J., Reitsma S. E., Parra-Izquierdo I., Melrose A. R., Yang L., Choi J., Zientek K. D., Sviridov D. O., Larson M. K., Williams C. D., Pamir N., Shatzel J. J., Reddy A. P., Kievit P., Remaley A. T., Stevens J. F., Hinds M. T., McCarty O. J., Aslan J. E. Effect of antiplatelet agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors on oxLDL-mediated procoagulant platelet activity. Blood Advances. 2023;7(8):1366–1378. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng T. J., Kohs T. C., Mueller P. A., Pang J., Reitsma S. E., Parra-Izquierdo I., Melrose A. R., Yang L., Choi J., Zientek K. D., Sviridov D. O., Larson M. K., Williams C. D., Pamir N., Shatzel J. J., Reddy A. P., Kievit P., Remaley A. T., Stevens J. F., Hinds M. T., McCarty O. J., Aslan J. E. Effect of antiplatelet agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors on oxLDL-mediated procoagulant platelet activity. Blood Advances. 2023;7(8):1366–1378. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gawaz M., Geisler T., Borst O. Current concepts and novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023;20(9):583–599. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00854-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gawaz M., Geisler T., Borst O. Current concepts and novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023;20(9):583–599. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00854-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jourdi G., Lordkipanidzé M., Philippe A., Bachelot-Loza C., Gaussem P. Current and Novel Antiplatelet Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(23):13079. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jourdi G., Lordkipanidzé M., Philippe A., Bachelot-Loza C., Gaussem P. Current and Novel Antiplatelet Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(23):13079. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mironov A. N., editor. Handbook for Preclinical Drug Studies. Moscow: Grif and Co; 2013. 944 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov A. N., editor. Handbook for Preclinical Drug Studies. Moscow: Grif and Co; 2013. 944 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCarty M. F., O’Keefe J. H., DiNicolantonio J. J. Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature. Open Heart. 2016;3(1):e000365. DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCarty M. F., O’Keefe J. H., DiNicolantonio J. J. Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature. Open Heart. 2016;3(1):e000365. DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Born G. V. R. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature. 1962;194:927–929. DOI: 10.1038/194927b0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Born G. V. R. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature. 1962;194:927–929. DOI: 10.1038/194927b0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
