<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1764</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1769</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение фармакокинетики препарата Арепливир® Цинк (МНН: фавипиравир + цинка глюконат) (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) в рамках фазы I клинического исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phase I Pharmacokinetics Study of Drug Areplivir® Zinc (INN: Favipiravir + Zinc Gluconate) (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8;117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246;6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.komarov@cpha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-8186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багаева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagaeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-1231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнакова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnakova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арчакова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archakova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелгачева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelgacheva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-8744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-9412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславская</surname><given-names>К. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavskaya</surname><given-names>K. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-4874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белый</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bely</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-374X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таганов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taganov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shohin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр фармацевтической аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»); Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA"); Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр фармацевтической аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA")<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ПРОМОМЕД РУС»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC «PROMOMED RUS»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаров Т.Н., Багаева Н.С., Карнакова К.К., Арчакова О.А., Щелгачева Д.С., Щербакова В.С., Заславская К.Я., Белый П.А., Таганов А.В., Шохин И.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаров Т.Н., Багаева Н.С., Карнакова К.К., Арчакова О.А., Щелгачева Д.С., Щербакова В.С., Заславская К.Я., Белый П.А., Таганов А.В., Шохин И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarov T.N., Bagaeva N.S., Karnakova K.K., Archakova O.A., Shchelgacheva D.S., Shcherbakova V.S., Zaslavskaya K.Y., Bely P.A., Taganov A.V., Shohin I.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1769">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1769</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Фавипиравир является РНК-зависимым ингибитором РНК-полимеразы и обладает широкой активностью против РНК-вирусов, включая вирус SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Компанией ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия разработан лекарственный препарат Арепливир® Цинк, являющийся комбинацией фавипиравира (200 мг) с глюконатом цинка (70 мг) в форме таблеток, покрытых пленочной оболочкой. Монокомпоненты данного комбинированного препарата дополняют фармакологические эффекты друг друга, усиливая противовирусное действие и обеспечивая более легкое течение коронавирусной инфекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью исследования является изучение фармакокинетики препарата Арепливир® Цинк (МНН: фавипиравир + глюконат цинка), 200 + 70 мг, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (АО «Биохимик», держатель регистрационного удостоверения ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) в сравнении с препаратом Арепливир® (МНН: Фавипиравир), 200 мг, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (АО «Биохимик», держатель регистрационного удостоверения ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) с последующей проверкой гипотезы влияния цинка на фармакокинетику фавипиравира.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В рамках клинического исследования I фазы проводился клинический и аналитический этап исследования, анализ фармакокинетических параметров. Для фавипиравира хроматографическое разделение и детектирование проводили с помощью метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) [high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)] Nexera XR с тандемным тройным квадрупольным масс-спектрометрическим детектором LCMS-8040 (Shimadzu Corporation, Япония). Аналитический диапазон методики для фавипиравира в плазме крови составил 50,00–15 000,00 нг/мл. Для определения концентрации цинка в плазме крови использовался биохимический метод с применением набора «Цинк-Ново (50)» (В-8370) (АО «Вектор-Бест», Россия). Расчет параметров описательной статистики проводился при помощи пакета Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, США). Расчет фармакокинетических параметров, дисперсионный анализ и вычисление 90%-х доверительных интервалов проводились при помощи программного обеспечения R Project (версия 3.5.1, разработчики R Core Team) с расширением «bear» (версия 2.8.3-2, разработчики Hsin-ya Lee и Yung-jin Lee, Тайвань).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. 90%-е доверительные интервалы для отношения значений Сmax и AUC(0–t) фавипиравира составили 86,48−100,38 % и 103,77−119,47 %. Полученные доверительные интервалы лежат в пределах 80,00−125,00 %, что позволило сделать вывод о том, что влияние цинка на фармакокинетику фавипиравира отсутствует. Коэффициенты внутрииндивидуальной вариации (CVintra) фавипиравира для фармакокинетических параметров Сmax и AUC(0–t) составили 15,06 и 14,23 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования определили возможность осуществить переход к последующим фазам клинических исследований препарата Арепливир® Цинк, 200 + 70 мг, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (АО «Биохимик», держатель регистрационного удостоверения ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия). Внедрение комбинированной формы фавипиравира с цинком на фармацевтический рынок позволит расширить ассортимент применяемых противовирусных препаратов при COVID-19.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Favipiravir is an antiviral compound that inhibits the RNA-dependent polymerase and possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The new drug Areplivir® Zinc as a combination of favipiravir (200 mg) and zinc gluconate (70 mg) in the form of film-coated tablets has been developed by LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia. This combination of favipiravir and zinc gluconate could provide more effective treatment of COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of the pharmacokinetics study is comparison between Areplivir® Zinc (INN: favipiravir + zinc gluconate), film-coated tablets (the manufacturer is JSC "Biokhimic", LLC "PROMOMED RUS" as registration certificate holder) and Areplivir® (INN: favipiravir), film-coated tablets (the manufacturer is JSC "Biokhimic", LLC "PROMOMED RUS" as registration certificate holder) to evaluate the effect of zinc on the favipiravir pharmacokinetics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The clinical and analytical phases as well as pharmacokinetic analyses have been performed as a part of a phase I clinical trial. Chromatographic separation and detection of favipiravir were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method using Nexera XR high-performance liquid chromatograph with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer LCMS-8040 (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). The validated analytical range of the method was 50.00–15 000.00 ng/mL in human plasma. The plasma zinc concentrations were measured by a biochemical method with the use of the kit «Zinc-Novo (50)» (JSC "Vector-Best", Russia). The descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA). The pharmacokinetic parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA), 90 % confidence intervals (90 % CIs) and the intra-subject variability (CVintra) were calculated by R Project 3.5.1 software (package «bear», version 2.8.3-2), originally created by Hsin-ya Lee and Yung-jin Lee, Taiwan.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The 90 % confidence intervals of the ratios for Сmax and AUC(0–t) were 86.48–100.38 % and 103.77–119.47 %, respectively. The 90 % confidence intervals were all within the acceptance range of 80.00–125.00 % which means there is no effect of zinc on the favipiravir pharmacokinetics. The intra-subject variability (CVintra) of favipiravir for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC(0–t) were 15.06 % and 14.23 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results justified the subsequent phases of clinical trials of Areplivir® Zinc (INN: favipiravir + zinc gluconate), film-coated tablets (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia). This combination of favipiravir and zinc could expand the existing armamentarium of antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фавипиравир</kwd><kwd>цинк</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>favipiravir</kwd><kwd>zinc</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Клиническое исследование спонсировалось ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС». В. С. Щербакова, К. Я. Заславская и П. А. Белый являются представителями данной компании.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>A clinical study was sponsored by LLC "PROMOMED RUS". Authors Victoria S. Shcherbakova, Kira Ya. Zaslavskaya and Petr A. Bely represent LLC "PROMOMED RUS".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ndwandwe D., Ndlovu M., Mayeye A., Luphondo N., Muvhulawa N., Ntamo Y., Dludla P. V., Shey Wiysonge C. Managing COVID-19 Variants: Mapping Data from the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. In New COVID-19 Variants. London: IntechOpen. 2023. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1003262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ndwandwe D., Ndlovu M., Mayeye A., Luphondo N., Muvhulawa N., Ntamo Y., Dludla P. V., Shey Wiysonge C. Managing COVID-19 Variants: Mapping Data from the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. In New COVID-19 Variants. London: IntechOpen. 2023. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1003262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddique A., Shahzad A., Lawler J., Mahmoud K. A., Lee D. S., Ali N., Bilal M., Rasool K. Unprecedented environmental and energy impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Research. 2021;193:110443. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddique A., Shahzad A., Lawler J., Mahmoud K. A., Lee D. S., Ali N., Bilal M., Rasool K. Unprecedented environmental and energy impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Research. 2021;193:110443. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutjes S. A., Vennis I. M., Wagner E., Maisaia V., Peintner L. Biosafety and biosecurity challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2023;11:1117316. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutjes S. A., Vennis I. M., Wagner E., Maisaia V., Peintner L. Biosafety and biosecurity challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2023;11:1117316. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golan Y., Campos J. A. S., Woolson R., Cilla D., Hanabergh R., Gonzales-Rojas Y., Lopez R., Finberg R., Balboni A. Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2023;76(3):e10–e17. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac712.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golan Y., Campos J. A. S., Woolson R., Cilla D., Hanabergh R., Gonzales-Rojas Y., Lopez R., Finberg R., Balboni A. Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2023;76(3):e10–e17. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac712.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонова М. В. Фавипиравир как потенциальное средство противодействия при COVID-19. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(11):56–60. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonova M. V. Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure for COVID-19. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(11):56–60. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshi S., Parkar J., Ansari A., Vora A., Talwar D., Tiwaskar M., Patil S., Barkate H. Role of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;102:501–508. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joshi S., Parkar J., Ansari A., Vora A., Talwar D., Tiwaskar M., Patil S., Barkate H. Role of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;102:501–508. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashemian S. M., Farhadi T., Velayati A. A. A review on favipiravir: the properties, function, and usefulness to treat COVID-19. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2021;19(8):1029–1037. DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1866545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashemian S. M., Farhadi T., Velayati A. A. A review on favipiravir: the properties, function, and usefulness to treat COVID-19. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2021;19(8):1029–1037. DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1866545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shalhoub S. PIONEER trial: favipiravir to treat moderate COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2023;11(5):392–393. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00479-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalhoub S. PIONEER trial: favipiravir to treat moderate COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2023;11(5):392–393. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00479-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радаева О. А., Балыкова Л. А., Заславская К. Я., Таганов А. В., Белый П. А., Костина Ю. А., Негоднова Е. В., Машнина С. В., Бесшейнов Д. Д., Искандярова М. С., Еремеев В. В., Чумаков Н. М. Изучение отдаленных клинико-патогенетических эффектов противовирусного лекарственного препарата на основе фавипиравира в постковидном периоде у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом. Фармация и фармакология. 2022;10(2):217–228. DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-2-217-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radaeva O. A, Balykova L. A., Zaslavskaya K. Ya., Taganov A. V., Bely P. A., Kostina Yu. A., Negodnova E. V., Mashnina S. V., Bessheinov D. D., Iskandyarova M. S., Eremeev V. V., Chumakov N. M. Study of long-term clinical and pathogenetic effects of favipiravir-based anti-viral drug in patients with metabolic syndrome in post-covid period. Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology. 2022;10(2):217–228. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-2-217-228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балыкова Л. А., Грановская М. В., Заславская К. Я., Симакина Е. Н., Агафьина А. С., Иванова А. Ю., Колонтарев К. Б., Пушкарь Д. Ю. Новые возможности направленной противовирусной терапии COVID-19: результаты многоцентрового клинического исследования эффективности и безопасности применения препарата Арепливир. Инфекционные болезни: новости, мнения, обучение. 2020;9(3):16–29. DOI: 10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3-16-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balykova L. А., Granovskaya M. V., Zaslavskaya K. Ya., Simakina E. N., Agaf’ina A. S., Ivanova A. Yu., Kolontarev K. B., Pushkar D. Yu. New possibilities for targeted antiviral therapy for COVID-19. Results of a multicenter clinical study of the efficacy and safety of using the drug Areplivir. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;9(3):16–29. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3-16-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радаева О. А., Костина Ю. А. Анализ данных о механизме действия и эффективности препаратов, применяемых для лечения COVID-19. Инфекционные болезни: новости. мнения. обучение. 2021;10(3):106–117. DOI: 10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-3-106-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radaeva O. A., Kostina Yu. A. Analysis data of mechanism of drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2021;10(3):106–117. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-3-106-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghsoltani F., Mohammadzadeh I., Safari M.-M., Hassanpour P., Izadpanah M., Qujeq D., Moein S., Vaghari-Tabari M. Zinc and Respiratory Viral Infections: Important Trace Element in Anti-viral Response and Immune Regulation. Biological Trace Element Research. 2022;200(6):2556–2571. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02859-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghsoltani F., Mohammadzadeh I., Safari M.-M., Hassanpour P., Izadpanah M., Qujeq D., Moein S., Vaghari-Tabari M. Zinc and Respiratory Viral Infections: Important Trace Element in Anti-viral Response and Immune Regulation. Biological Trace Element Research. 2022;200(6):2556–2571. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02859-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О. А., Торшин И. Ю., Моисеев В. С., Сорокина М. А., Лиманова О. А. Об использовании цинка и витамина С для профилактики и адъювантной терапии острых респираторных заболеваний. Терапия. 2017;1(11):36–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova O. A., Torshin I. Yu., Moiseev V. S., Sorokina M. A., Limanova O. A. The use of zinc and vitamin с for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of acute respiratory diseases. Therapy. 2017;1(11):36–46. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nedjimi B. Can trace element supplementations (Cu, Se, and Zn) enhance human immunity against COVID-19 and its new variants? Beni-Suef University journal of basic and applied sciences. 2021;10(1):33. DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00123-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedjimi B. Can trace element supplementations (Cu, Se, and Zn) enhance human immunity against COVID-19 and its new variants? Beni-Suef University journal of basic and applied sciences. 2021;10(1):33. DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00123-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wessels I., Rolles B., Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Frontiers in immunology. 2020;11:1712. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wessels I., Rolles B., Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Frontiers in immunology. 2020;11:1712. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трухан Д. И., Давыдов Е. Л., Чусова Н. А. Нутрицевтики в профилактике, лечении и на этапе реабилитации после новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2021;7:21–34. DOI: 10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trukhan D. I., Davydov E. L., Chusova N. A. Nutriceutics in prevention, treatment and at the stage of rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2021;7:21–34. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrao S., Mallaci Bocchio R., Lo Monaco M., Natoli G., Cavezzi A., Troiani E., Argano C. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrao S., Mallaci Bocchio R., Lo Monaco M., Natoli G., Cavezzi A., Troiani E., Argano C. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaushik N., Subramani C., Anang S., Muthumohan R., Nayak B., Ranjith-Kumar C. T., Surjit M. Zinc Salts Block Hepatitis E Virus Replication by Inhibiting the Activity of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Journal of virology. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00754-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaushik N., Subramani C., Anang S., Muthumohan R., Nayak B., Ranjith-Kumar C. T., Surjit M. Zinc Salts Block Hepatitis E Virus Replication by Inhibiting the Activity of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Journal of virology. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00754-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skalny A. V., Rink L., Ajsuvakova O. P., Aschner M., Gritsenko V. A., Alekseenko S. I., Svistunov A. A., Petrakis D., Spandidos D. A., Aaseth J., Tsatsakis A., Tinkov A. A. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2020;46(1):17–26. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skalny A. V., Rink L., Ajsuvakova O. P., Aschner M., Gritsenko V. A., Alekseenko S. I., Svistunov A. A., Petrakis D., Spandidos D. A., Aaseth J., Tsatsakis A., Tinkov A. A. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2020;46(1):17–26. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hojyo S, Fukada T. Roles of Zinc Signaling in the Immune System. Journal of immunology research. 2016;2016:6762343. DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hojyo S, Fukada T. Roles of Zinc Signaling in the Immune System. Journal of immunology research. 2016;2016:6762343. DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762343.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frontera J. A., Rahimian J. O., Yaghi S., Liu M., Lewis A., de Havenon A., Mainali S., Huang J., Scher E., Wisniewski T., Troxel A. B., Meropol S., Balcer L. J., Galetta S. L. Treatment with Zinc is Associated with Reduced In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Center Cohort Study. Preprint. Research square. 2020;rs.3.rs-94509. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-94509/v1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frontera J. A., Rahimian J. O., Yaghi S., Liu M., Lewis A., de Havenon A., Mainali S., Huang J., Scher E., Wisniewski T., Troxel A. B., Meropol S., Balcer L. J., Galetta S. L. Treatment with Zinc is Associated with Reduced In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Center Cohort Study. Preprint. Research square. 2020;rs.3.rs-94509. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-94509/v1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asl S. H., Nikfarjam S., Majidi Zolbanin N., Nassiri R., Jafari R. Immunopharmacological perspective on zinc in SARS-CoV-2 infection. International immunopharmacology. 2021;96:107630. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asl S. H., Nikfarjam S., Majidi Zolbanin N., Nassiri R., Jafari R. Immunopharmacological perspective on zinc in SARS-CoV-2 infection. International immunopharmacology. 2021;96:107630. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комаров Т. Н., Карпова П. А., Арчакова О. А., Щелгачева Д. С., Карнакова П. К., Багаева Н. С., Заславская К. Я., Белый П. А., Шохин И. Е. Определение фавипиравира в плазме крови человека методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2023;12(3):229–239. DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-3-229-239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov T. N., Karpova P. A., Archakova O. A., Shchelgacheva D. S., Karnakova P. K., Bagaeva N. S., Zaslavskaya K. Ya., Bely P. A., Shohin I. E. Determination of Favipiravir in Human Blood Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Drug development &amp; registration. 2023;12(3):229–239. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-3-229-239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morsy M. I., Nouman E. G., Abdallah Y. M., Zainelabdeen M. A., Darwish M. M., Hassan A. Y., Gouda A. S., Rezk M. R., Abdel-Megied A. M., Marzouk H. M. A novel LC-MS/MS method for determination of the potential antiviral candidate favipiravir for the emergency treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study in Egyptian human volunteers. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2021;199:114057. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morsy M. I., Nouman E. G., Abdallah Y. M., Zainelabdeen M. A., Darwish M. M., Hassan A. Y., Gouda A. S., Rezk M. R., Abdel-Megied A. M., Marzouk H. M. A novel LC-MS/MS method for determination of the potential antiviral candidate favipiravir for the emergency treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study in Egyptian human volunteers. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2021;199:114057. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sağlam O., Demiray G., Güney B., Doğan-Kurtoğlu E., Ulusoy M. G., Saraner N., Sevici G., Nacak M., Erenmemişoğlu A., Tüzer V. Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Favipiravir Tablet in Healthy Male Subjects. Journal of Pharmacy and Drug Development. 2020;2(2):1–9. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4361817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sağlam O., Demiray G., Güney B., Doğan-Kurtoğlu E., Ulusoy M. G., Saraner N., Sevici G., Nacak M., Erenmemişoğlu A., Tüzer V. Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Favipiravir Tablet in Healthy Male Subjects. Journal of Pharmacy and Drug Development. 2020;2(2):1–9. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4361817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
