<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1761</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка взаимного влияния монокомпонентов комбинированного лекарственного препарата, содержащего молнупиравир и фавипиравир, на фармакокинетику в рамках фазы I клинического исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reciprocal Impact of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir Monocomponents of the Combination Drug on Each Other's Pharmacokinetics in a Phase I Clinical Trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8;117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246;6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.komarov@cpha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-1231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнакова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnakova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-8186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багаева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagaeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арчакова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archakova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1688-1902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-8744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-9412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславская</surname><given-names>К. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavskaya</surname><given-names>K. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-4874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белый</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bely</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, г. Москва, пр-т Мира, д. 13 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13/1, Prospekt Mira, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shohin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117638, г. Москва, Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр фармацевтической аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»); Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA"); Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр фармацевтической аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA")</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ПРОМОМЕД РУС»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «PROMOMED RUS»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>272</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаров Т.Н., Карнакова К.К., Багаева Н.С., Арчакова О.А., Попова М.О., Щербакова В.С., Заславская К.Я., Белый П.А., Шохин И.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаров Т.Н., Карнакова К.К., Багаева Н.С., Арчакова О.А., Попова М.О., Щербакова В.С., Заславская К.Я., Белый П.А., Шохин И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarov T.N., Karnakova K.K., Bagaeva N.S., Archakova O.A., Popova M.O., Shcherbakova V.S., Zaslavskaya K.Y., Bely P.A., Shohin I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1770">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1770</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Коронавирусная инфекция, спустя почти 4 года после начала пандемии, по-прежнему остается важной глобальной проблемой здравоохранения. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) продолжает мутировать и распространяться по всему миру, что сохраняет потребность в препаратах для лечения коронавирусной инфекции. Молнупиравир и фавипиравир – лекарственные средства с прямым противовирусным действием в отношении РНК содержащих вирусов – рекомендованы Министерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации для включения в схемы лечения COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Разработанный препарат содержит комбинацию двух противовирусных средств с разными механизмами подавления репликации РНК вирусов, что позволяет предполагать эффективность в отношении преобладающего большинства возбудителей ОРВИ, встречающихся в человеческой популяции, включая SARS-CoV-2, и гриппа.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью исследования является изучение фармакокинетики препарата JTBC00301, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) в сравнении с препаратами Эсперавир® (МНН: молнупиравир), капсулы (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) и Арепливир® (МНН: фавипиравир), таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) с последующей проверкой гипотезы влияния монокомпонентов препарата на фармакокинетику друг друга.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В рамках открытого рандомизированного перекрестного трехпериодного клинического исследования I фазы по изучению препарата JTBC00301, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой, 400 + 400 мг (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия) проводились клинический и аналитический этапы исследования, изучение фармакокинетики и статистический анализ результатов. В исследовании определялась концентрация основного метаболита молнупиравира β-D-N4-гидроксицитидина (NHC) и фавипиравира в плазме крови 42 здоровых добровольцев после приема дозы 400 + 400 мг исследуемого препарата JTBC00301 (1 таблетка), дозы 400 мг первого препарата сравнения Эсперавир® (2 капсулы по 200 мг) и дозы 400 мг второго препарата сравнения Арепливир® (2 таблетки по 200 мг). Расчет параметров описательной статистики проводился при помощи пакета Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, США). Расчет фармакокинетических параметров, дисперсионный анализ, вычисление 90%-х доверительных интервалов и коэффициентов внутрииндивидуальной вариации проводились при помощи программного обеспечения R Project (версия 3.5.1, разработчики R Core Team, Австрия) с расширением «bear» (версия 2.8.3-2, разработчики Hsin-ya Lee и Yung-jin Lee, Тайвань).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. По полученным значениям концентраций NHC и фавипиравира были рассчитаны значения фармакокинетических параметров, построены усредненные фармакокинетические профили в линейных и полулогарифмических координатах, проведен дисперсионный анализ. 90%-е доверительные интервалы для отношения средних значений Сmax и AUC(0–t) NHC и фавипиравира находились в пределах 80,00–125,00 %, что позволило признать гипотезу об отсутствии влияния монокомпонентов препарата на фармакокинетику друг друга.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработка лекарственного препарата на основе фиксированной комбинации «молнупиравир + фавипиравир» обладает большим потенциалом, так как может повысить профиль безопасности и улучшить переносимость терапии, а также способствовать увеличению эффективности противовирусной терапии. Полученные результаты определили возможность осуществить переход к последующим фазам клинических исследований препарата JTBC00301, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой, 400 + 400 мг (ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС», Россия).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) almost 4 years after he start of the pandemic is still a significant public health problem. SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that causes COVID-19 continues to mutate and spread throughout the world. Molnupiravir and favipiravir have been shown to be efficacious against variety of RNA viruses including the SARS-CoV-2. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the use of these drugs as a treatment of COVID-19. The developed drug contains the combination of two antiviral agents with different mechanisms of suppressing viral RNA replication, which suggests efficacy against the vast majority of ARVI pathogens found in the human population including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of the pharmacokinetics study is comparison between JTBC00301 (INN: molnupiravir + favipiravir), film-coated tablets (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia), Esperavir® (INN: molnupiravir), capsules (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia) and Areplivir® (INN: favipiravir), film-coated tablets (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia) to evaluate the impact of monocomponents on each other's pharmacokinetics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The clinical and analytical phases as well as pharmacokinetic analyses have been performed as a part of a phase I, randomized, open-label, 3-period crossover study of drug JTBC00301 (INN: molnupiravir + favipiravir), film-coated tablets, 400 + 400 mg (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia). The plasma concentration of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), the active metabolite of molnupiravir and favipiravir were determined in 42 healthy volunteers after taking the test drug JTBC00301 (1 tablet of 400 + 400 mg), the reference drug Esperavir® (2 capsules of 200 mg) and the reference drug Areplivir® (2 tablets of 200 mg). The descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA). The pharmacokinetic parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the intra-subject coefficient of variation (CVintra) and 90 % confidence intervals (90 % CI) were calculated by R Project 3.5.1 software (package «bear», version 2.8.3-2), originally created by Hsin-ya Lee and Yung-jin Lee, Taiwan.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Pharmacokinetic parameters of NHC and favipiravir were determined, averaged pharmacokinetic profiles in linear and log-linear scales were plotted, analysis of variance was carried out. The 90% CIs for geometric mean ratios of Сmax and AUC(0–t) for NHC and favipiravir were all within the acceptance range of 80–125 % which means there is no effect of monocomponents on each other’s pharmacokinetics.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development of the fixed-dose drug combination of molnupiravir and favipiravir has great potential as it may allow to increase the safety profile and improve the tolerability of therapy as well as increase the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. The results justified the study of the subsequent phases of clinical trials of JTBC00301 (INN: molnupiravir + favipiravir), film-coated tablets, 400 + 400 mg (LLC "PROMOMED RUS", Russia).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молнупиравир</kwd><kwd>фавипиравир</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molnupiravir</kwd><kwd>favipiravir</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Клиническое исследование спонсировалось ООО «ПРОМОМЕД РУС». В. С. Щербакова, К. Я. Заславская и П. А. Белый являются представителями данной компании.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">A clinical study was sponsored by LLC "PROMOMED RUS". Authors Victoria S. Shcherbakova, Kira Ya. Zaslavskaya and Petr A. Bely represent LLC "PROMOMED RUS".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui J., Li F., Shi Z. L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2019;17(3):181–192. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui J., Li F., Shi Z. L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2019;17(3):181–192. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng Z. J., Shan J. 2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. Infection. 2020;48(2):155–163. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng Z. J., Shan J. 2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. Infection. 2020;48(2):155–163. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Y., Cai K., Xiong L. Coronavirus disease 2019: A new severe acute respiratory syndrome from Wuhan in China. Acta Virol. 2020;64(2):245–250. DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao Y., Cai K., Xiong L. Coronavirus disease 2019: A new severe acute respiratory syndrome from Wuhan in China. Acta Virol. 2020;64(2):245–250. DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciotti M., Ciccozzi M., Terrinoni A., Jiang W. C., Wang C. B., Bernardini S. The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2020;57(6):365–388. DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciotti M., Ciccozzi M., Terrinoni A., Jiang W. C., Wang C. B., Bernardini S. The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2020;57(6):365–388. DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harapan H., Itoh N., Yufika A., Winardi W., Keam S., Te H., Megawati D., Hayati Z., Wagner A. L., Mudatsir M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020;13(5):667–673. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harapan H., Itoh N., Yufika A., Winardi W., Keam S., Te H., Megawati D., Hayati Z., Wagner A. L., Mudatsir M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020;13(5):667–673. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R. S. P., Toussi S. S., Hackman F., Chan P. L., Rao R., Allen R., Van Eyck L., Pawlak S., Kadar E. P., Clark F., Shi H., Anderson A. S., Binks M., Menon S., Nucci G., Bergman A. Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2022;112(1):101–111. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh R. S. P., Toussi S. S., Hackman F., Chan P. L., Rao R., Allen R., Van Eyck L., Pawlak S., Kadar E. P., Clark F., Shi H., Anderson A. S., Binks M., Menon S., Nucci G., Bergman A. Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2022;112(1):101–111. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Vázquez L. D., Arenas M. Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Genes. 2023;14(2):407. DOI: 10.3390/genes14020407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Vázquez L. D., Arenas M. Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Genes. 2023;14(2):407. DOI: 10.3390/genes14020407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синявин А. Э., Руссу Л. И., Васина Д. В., Шидловская Е. В., Кузнецова Н. А., Гущин В. А., Гинцбург А. Л. Эффективность фавипиравира и молнупиравира против новых вариантов SARS-CoV-2 в системах in vitro и in vivo. Вестник РГМУ. 2022;6:112–117. DOI: 10.24075/vrgmu.2022.071.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siniavin A. E., Russu L. I., Vasina D. V., Shidlovskaya E. V., Kuznetsova N. A., Gushchin V. A., Gintsburg A. L. Efficacy of favipiravir and molnupiravir against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro and in vivo. Bulletin of RSMU. 2022:6:112–117. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.071.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьева П. А., ред. Рекомендации по ведению больных с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 в острой фазе и при постковидном синдроме в амбулаторных условиях. Проблемы стандартизации в здравоохранении. 2021;7–8:3–96. DOI: 10.26347/1607-2502202107-08003-096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobyev P. A., editor. Recommendations for the management of patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection in the acute phase and with postcovid syndrome in outpatient settings. Problems of standardization in healthcare. 2021;7–8:3–96. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.26347/1607-2502202107-08003-096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комаров Т. Н., Карнакова П. К., Арчакова О. А., Щелгачева Д. С., Багаева Н. С., Шохин И. Е., Заславская К. Я., Белый П. А. Совместное определение основного метаболита молнупиравира (β-D-N4-гидроксицитидина) и фавипиравира в плазме крови человека методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2023;12(1):215–226. DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-215-226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov T. N., Karnakova P. K., Archakova O. A., Shchelgacheva D. S., Bagaeva N. S., Shohin I. E., Zaslavskaya K. Y., Bely P. A. Simultaneous Determination of Major Molnupiravir Metabolite (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine) and Favipiravir in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Drug development &amp; registration. 2023;12(1):215–226. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-215-226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delang L., Neyts J. Medical treatment options for COVID-19. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2020;9(3):209–214. DOI: 10.1177/2048872620922790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delang L., Neyts J. Medical treatment options for COVID-19. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2020;9(3):209–214. DOI: 10.1177/2048872620922790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayk Bernal A., Gomes da Silva M. M., Musungaie D. B., Kovalchuk E., Gonzalez A., Delos Reyes V., Martín-Quirós A., Caraco Y., Williams-Diaz A., Brown M. L., Du J., Pedley A., Assaid C., Strizki J., Grobler J. A., Shamsuddin H. H., Tipping R., Wan H., Paschke A., Butterton J. R., Johnson M. G., De Anda C., MOVe-OUT Study Group. Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;386(6):509–520. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayk Bernal A., Gomes da Silva M. M., Musungaie D. B., Kovalchuk E., Gonzalez A., Delos Reyes V., Martín-Quirós A., Caraco Y., Williams-Diaz A., Brown M. L., Du J., Pedley A., Assaid C., Strizki J., Grobler J. A., Shamsuddin H. H., Tipping R., Wan H., Paschke A., Butterton J. R., Johnson M. G., De Anda C., MOVe-OUT Study Group. Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;386(6):509–520. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiraki K., Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections. Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 2020;209:107512. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiraki K., Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections. Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 2020;209:107512. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонова М. В. Фавипиравир как потенциальное средство противодействия при COVID-19. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(11):56–60. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonova M. V. Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure for COVID-19. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(11):56–60. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li P., Wang Y., Lavrijsen M., Lamers M. M., de Vries A. C., Rottier R. J., Bruno M. J., Peppelenbosch M. P., Haagmans B. L., Pan Q. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly sensitive to molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and the combination. Cell Research. 2022;32:322–324. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00618-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li P., Wang Y., Lavrijsen M., Lamers M. M., de Vries A. C., Rottier R. J., Bruno M. J., Peppelenbosch M. P., Haagmans B. L., Pan Q. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly sensitive to molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and the combination. Cell Research. 2022;32:322–324. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00618-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komarov T., Karnakova P., Archakova O., Shchelgacheva D., Bagaeva N., Popova M., Karpova P., Zaslavskaya K., Bely P., Shohin I. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) Method for Quantification of Major Molnupiravir Metabolite (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine) in Human Plasma. Biomedicines. 2023;11(9):2356. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov T., Karnakova P., Archakova O., Shchelgacheva D., Bagaeva N., Popova M., Karpova P., Zaslavskaya K., Bely P., Shohin I. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) Method for Quantification of Major Molnupiravir Metabolite (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine) in Human Plasma. Biomedicines. 2023;11(9):2356. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharaf Y. A., El Deeb S., Ibrahim A. E., Al-Harrasi A., Sayed R. A. Two Green Micellar HPLC and Mathematically Assisted UV Spectroscopic Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir as a Novel Combined COVID-19 Antiviral Regimen. Molecules. 2022;27(7):2330. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharaf Y. A., El Deeb S., Ibrahim A. E., Al-Harrasi A., Sayed R. A. Two Green Micellar HPLC and Mathematically Assisted UV Spectroscopic Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir as a Novel Combined COVID-19 Antiviral Regimen. Molecules. 2022;27(7):2330. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian L., Pang Z., Li M., Lou F., An X., Zhu S., Song L., Tong Y., Fan H., Fan J. Molnupiravir and Its Antiviral Activity Against COVID-19. Frontiers in immunology. 2022;13:855496. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian L., Pang Z., Li M., Lou F., An X., Zhu S., Song L., Tong Y., Fan H., Fan J. Molnupiravir and Its Antiviral Activity Against COVID-19. Frontiers in immunology. 2022;13:855496. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh A. K., Singh A., Singh R., Misra A. Molnupiravir in COVID-19: A systematic review of literature. Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews. 2021;15(6):102329. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh A. K., Singh A., Singh R., Misra A. Molnupiravir in COVID-19: A systematic review of literature. Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews. 2021;15(6):102329. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syed Y. Y. Molnupiravir: First Approval. Drugs. 2022;82(4):455–460. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01684-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syed Y. Y. Molnupiravir: First Approval. Drugs. 2022;82(4):455–460. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01684-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
