<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-2-1804</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакологический скрининг нового производного вальпроевой кислоты с использованием метода фармакоэнцефалографии у крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacological screening of a new valproic acid derivative using the pharmacoencephalography method in rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-5318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысоев</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysoev</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А; 199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. Макарова, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022;6, naberezhnaya Makarova, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3804-0197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиц</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shits</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7–9, Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-4354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пучик</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puchik</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7–9, Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3843-0770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутий</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutiy</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7781-3563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-1811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А; 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 12, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022; 12A, Academician Pavlova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-4663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титович</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titovich</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелехова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekhova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Bekhtereva str., Saint-Petersburg, 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспалов</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalov</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Bekhtereva str., Saint-Petersburg, 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-6047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 12, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>12A, Academician Pavlova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустов</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Bekhtereva str., Saint-Petersburg, 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-5531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оковитый</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okovityi</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14, лит. А; 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 12, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Prof. Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022; 12A, Academician Pavlova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России); Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт физиологии им. И. П. Павлова Российской академии наук» (ИФ им. И. П. Павлова)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт трансляционной биомедицины. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» (ИТБМ. ФГБОУ ВО СПбГУ)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Translational Biomedicine. Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России); Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт мозга человека им. Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук» (ИМЧ РАН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University; N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С. Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства» (ФГБУ НКЦТ им. С. Н. Голикова ФМБА России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the FMBA</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт мозга человека им. Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук» (ИМЧ РАН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сысоев Ю.И., Шиц Д.Д., Пучик М.М., Гутий Т.А., Федорова Е.В., Приходько В.А., Титович И.А., Мелехова А.С., Беспалов А.Я., Князева И.С., Шустов Е.Б., Оковитый С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сысоев Ю.И., Шиц Д.Д., Пучик М.М., Гутий Т.А., Федорова Е.В., Приходько В.А., Титович И.А., Мелехова А.С., Беспалов А.Я., Князева И.С., Шустов Е.Б., Оковитый С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sysoev Y.I., Shits D.D., Puchik M.M., Gutiy T.A., Fedorova E.V., Prikhodko V.A., Titovich I.A., Melekhova A.S., Bespalov A.Y., Knyazeva I.S., Shustov E.B., Okovityi S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1811">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1811</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Наивный байесовский классификатор в комбинации с методом главных компонент позволяет эффективно различать эффекты антипсихотических средств, а также оценивать их дозозависимость по влиянию на параметры электрокортикограмм (ЭКоГ) у крыс. Для дальнейшего развития предложенного метода необходима его валидация в качестве инструмента скрининга новых малоизученных молекул. Перспективной нейрофармакологической группой являются производные вальпроевой кислоты, оказывающие не только противоэпилептический, но также и нормотимический, противомигренозный, нейропротекторный и обезболивающий эффекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью настоящей работы стало проведение фармакологического скрининга аминоэфира вальпроевой кислоты (АВК), проявляющего свойства антидота при острых отравлениях антихолинэстеразными средствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на белых беспородных крысах с хронически имплантированными электрокортикографическими электродами. АВК вводили в дозах 0,5, 5 и 30 мг/кг. В качестве обучающей выборки, относительно которой классифицировали эффекты каждой дозы изучаемого соединения, использовали матрицы эффектов 7 препаратов: вальпроата натрия, блокатора дофаминовых D2-рецепторов галоперидола, М-холиноблокатора тропикамида, H1-гистаминоблокатора хлоропирамина, ингибитора ацетилхолинэстеразы галантамина, а также седативного средства дексмедетомидина и анксиолитика феназепама.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что АВК в дозе 0,5 мг/кг проявляет ЭКоГ-феномены, схожие с эффектами вальпроата натрия, а 10-кратное увеличение дозы приводит к преобладанию атропиноподобного действия. При введении в дозе 30 мг/кг соединение демонстрирует дексмедетомидиноподобное действие. Способность АВК блокировать центральные М-холинорецепторы подтверждает ареколиновый тест, в котором вещество в дозе 88 мг/кг полностью отменяло наступление тремора у мышей. Дексмедетомидиноподобное действие блокировало введение атипамезола в эквимолярных количествах, что может говорить о способности АВК в высоких дозах активировать центральные α2-адренорецепторы. Результаты молекулярного докинга позволяют предположить, что этот эффект связан именно с исходной молекулой аминоэфира, а не с ее вероятными активными метаболитами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные подтверждают эффективность наивного байесовского классификатора как инструмента прогнозирования фармакологической активности соединений по их влиянию на параметры ЭКоГ у крыс. Определение новых фармакологических эффектов малоизученных соединений может расширить потенциальный спектр применения в клинической практике, а также выявить возможные нежелательные лекарственные реакции их будущих препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The naïve Bayes classifier combined with principal component analysis allows to distinguish the effects of antipsychotic agents effectively as well as evaluate their dose-dependency based on their impact on electroencephalogram parameters in rats. Further development of this method requires its validation as an instrument for the screening of new understudied molecules. Valproic acid derivatives appear to be a promising neuropharmacological group as they exhibit not only antiepileptic activity but also mood-stabilizing, antimigraine, neuroprotective and analgesic effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This work was carried out to perform the pharmacological screening of a valproic acid aminoester (AVA) that exhibits antidote properties in case of poisoning with anticholinesterase agents.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted in white outbred rats with chronically implanted electrocorticographic electrodes. AVA was administered at doses of 0,5, 5 and 30 mg/kg. The training set, used as a reference to determine the pharmacological effects of each dose of the investigated substance, included matrixes of effects of 7 drugs: the antiepileptic agent sodium valproate, the D2-dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol, the M-cholinergic receptor blocker tropicamide, the H1-histamine receptor blocker chloropyramine, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, the sedative dexmedetomidine, and the anxiolytic phenazepam.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. AVA at the dose of 0,5 mg/kg showed effects similar to those of sodium valproate, while a tenfold dose increase led to the predominance of an atropine-like effect. When administered at the dose of 30 mg/kg, the compound exhibited dexmedetomidine-like action. The central M-anticholinergic effect of AVA was confirmed by an arecoline test in mice, in which the substance at a dose of 88 mg/kg completely abolished the onset of tremor. Dexmedetomidine-like action was cancelled by the administration of atipamezole in equimolar quantities, which may indicate the potential сapability of AVA to activate α2-adrenergic receptors at a high dose. The results of molecular docking suggest that this effect is related specifically to the original aminoester molecule and not to its presumable active metabolites.</p></sec><sec><title>Сonclusion</title><p>Сonclusion. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the naïve Bayes classifier as an instrument for the prediction of the pharmacological activity of compounds based on their impact on electroencephalogram parameters in rats. Identification of new pharmacological effects of understudied compounds may widen the potential range of their clinical application as well as reveal probable adverse effects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аминоэфир вальпроевой кислоты</kwd><kwd>фармакоэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>электрокортикография</kwd><kwd>метод главных компонент</kwd><kwd>наивный байесовский классификатор</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>valproic acid aminoester</kwd><kwd>pharmacoencephalography</kwd><kwd>electrocortigography</kwd><kwd>principal component analysis</kwd><kwd>naïve Bayes classifier</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ 23-75-01051 (создание библиотеки записей, валидация метода).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant 23-75-01051 (electrocorticogram library creation, method validation).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dimpfel W., Hoffmann J. A. Electropharmacograms of rasagiline, its metabolite aminoindan and selegiline in the freely moving rat. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;62(4):213–220. DOI: 10.1159/000319947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dimpfel W., Hoffmann J. A. Electropharmacograms of rasagiline, its metabolite aminoindan and selegiline in the freely moving rat. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;62(4):213–220. DOI: 10.1159/000319947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dimpfel W., Roeska K., Seilheimer B. Effect of Neurexan on the pattern of EEG frequencies in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;12:126. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dimpfel W., Roeska K., Seilheimer B. Effect of Neurexan on the pattern of EEG frequencies in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;12:126. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drinkenburg W. H. I. M., Ahnaou A., Ruigt G. S. F. Pharmaco-EEG Studies in Animals: A History-Based Introduction to Contemporary Translational Applications. Neuropsychobiology. 2016;72(3–4):139–150. DOI: 10.1159/000443175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drinkenburg W. H. I. M., Ahnaou A., Ruigt G. S. F. Pharmaco-EEG Studies in Animals: A History-Based Introduction to Contemporary Translational Applications. Neuropsychobiology. 2016;72(3–4):139–150. DOI: 10.1159/000443175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sysoev Yu. I., Shits D. D., Puchik M. M., Prikhodko V. A., Idiyatullin R. D., Kotelnikova A. A., Okovityi S. V. Use of Naïve Bayes Classifier to Assess the Effects of Antipsychotic Agents on Brain Electrical Activity Parameters in Rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2022;58(4):1130–1141. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093022040160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sysoev Yu. I., Shits D. D., Puchik M. M., Prikhodko V. A., Idiyatullin R. D., Kotelnikova A. A., Okovityi S. V. Use of Naïve Bayes Classifier to Assess the Effects of Antipsychotic Agents on Brain Electrical Activity Parameters in Rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2022;58(4):1130–1141. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093022040160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sysoev Yu. I., Shits D. D., Puchik M. M., Knyazeva I. S., Korelov M. S., Prikhodko V. A., Titovich I. A., Selizarova N. O., Okovityi S. V. Pharmacoencephalographic assessment of antipsychotic agents’ effect dose-dependency in rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2023;59:2153–2167. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093023060200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sysoev Yu. I., Shits D. D., Puchik M. M., Knyazeva I. S., Korelov M. S., Prikhodko V. A., Titovich I. A., Selizarova N. O., Okovityi S. V. Pharmacoencephalographic assessment of antipsychotic agents’ effect dose-dependency in rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2023;59:2153–2167. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093023060200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra M. K., Kukal S., Paul P. R., Bora S., Singh A., Kukreti S., Saso L., Muthusamy K., Hasija Y., Kukreti R. Insights into Structural Modifications of Valproic Acid and Their Pharmacological Profile. Molecules. 2021;27(1):104. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra M. K., Kukal S., Paul P. R., Bora S., Singh A., Kukreti S., Saso L., Muthusamy K., Hasija Y., Kukreti R. Insights into Structural Modifications of Valproic Acid and Their Pharmacological Profile. Molecules. 2021;27(1):104. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tursunov A. N., Vasilyev D. S., Nalivaeva N. N. Molecular Mechanisms of Valproic Acid Action on Signalling Systems and Brain Functions. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2023;59:1740–1755. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093023050228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tursunov A. N., Vasilyev D. S., Nalivaeva N. N. Molecular Mechanisms of Valproic Acid Action on Signalling Systems and Brain Functions. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2023;59:1740–1755. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093023050228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calabresi P., Galletti F., Rossi C., Sarchielli P., Cupini L. M. Antiepileptic drugs in Migraine: From Clinical Aspects to Cellular Mechanisms. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2007;28(4):188–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.02.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calabresi P., Galletti F., Rossi C., Sarchielli P., Cupini L. M. Antiepileptic drugs in Migraine: From Clinical Aspects to Cellular Mechanisms. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2007;28(4):188–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.02.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarselli M. Lithium and Valproic Acid in Bipolar Disorders and Beyond. Current Neuropharmacology. 2023;21(4):890. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X2104230307123319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarselli M. Lithium and Valproic Acid in Bipolar Disorders and Beyond. Current Neuropharmacology. 2023;21(4):890. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X2104230307123319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X.-Z., Li X.-J., Zhang H.-Y. Valproic acid as a promising agent to combat Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Research Bulletin. 2010;81(1):3–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X.-Z., Li X.-J., Zhang H.-Y. Valproic acid as a promising agent to combat Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Research Bulletin. 2010;81(1):3–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carriere C. H., Kang N. H., Niles L. P. Neuroprotection by valproic acid in an intrastriatal rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience. 2014;267:114–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carriere C. H., Kang N. H., Niles L. P. Neuroprotection by valproic acid in an intrastriatal rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience. 2014;267:114–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill D., Derry S., Wiffen P. J., Moore R. A. Valproic acid and sodium valproate for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011;(10):CD009183. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009183.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill D., Derry S., Wiffen P. J., Moore R. A. Valproic acid and sodium valproate for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011;(10):CD009183. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009183.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беспалов А. Я., Прокопенко Л. И., Горчакова Т. Л., Петров А. Н., Зайцева М. А., Мелехова А. С., Бельская А. В., Мельникова М. В., Иванов М. Б. Гидрохлорид (1-метилпиперидин-4ил)-2-пропилпентаноата, обладающий холинолитической и противосудорожной активностью. Патент РФ № RU 2714135 C1. 12.02.2020. Доступно по: https://patents.google.com/patent/RU2714135C1/ru. Ссылка активна на 15.04.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bespalov A. Ya., Prokopenko L. I., Gorchakova T. L., Petrov A. N., Zaytseva M. A., Melekhova A. S., Belskaya A. V., Melnikova M. V., Ivanov M. B. (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-propylpentanoate hydrochloride, having cholinolytic and anticonvulsant activity. Patent RU 2714135 C1. 12.02.2020. Available at: https://patents.google.com/patent/RU2714135C1/ru. Accessed: 15.04.2024. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелехова А. С., Петров А. Н., Беспалов А. Я., Бельская А. В., Мельникова М. В., Зацепин Э. П., Шестова Г. В., Ганеев А. А. Экспериментальная фармакотерапия судорожного синдрома при моделировании тяжелого отравления карбаматом. Medline.ru. 2019;20:294–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekhova A. S., Petrov A. N., Bespalov A. Y., Belskaya A. V., Melnikova M. V., Zatsepin E. P., Shestova G. V., Ganeev A. A. Experimental pharmacotherapy of convulsive syndrome in the simulation of severe carbamate poisoning. Medline.ru. 2019;20:294–306. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелехова А. С., Беспалов А. Я., Верведа А. Б., Бондаренко А. А., Мельникова М. В., Пономарева А. Е. Многокритериальная оценка фармакологической активности оригинальных соединений вальпроевой кислоты для купирования первично-генрализованных судорог, вызванных камфорой. Medline.ru. 2023;24:107–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekhova A. S., Bespalov A. Y., Verveda A. B., Bondarenko A. A., Mel'nikova M. V., Ponomareva A. E. Multicriteria assessment of pharmacological activity of original valproic acid compounds for the relief of primary generalized seizures, caused by camphor. Medline.ru. 2023;24:107–120. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sysoev Yu. I., Prikhodko V. A., Idiyatullin R. D., Chernyakov R. T., Karev V. E., Okovityi S. V. A Method for Chronic Registration of Brain Cortical Electrical Activity in Rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2022;58(1):292–301. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093022010252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sysoev Yu. I., Prikhodko V. A., Idiyatullin R. D., Chernyakov R. T., Karev V. E., Okovityi S. V. A Method for Chronic Registration of Brain Cortical Electrical Activity in Rats. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2022;58(1):292–301. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093022010252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen I. H., Agerskov C., Arvastson L., Bastlund J. F., Sørensen H. B. D., Herrik K. F. Pharmaco-electroencephalographic responses in the rat differ between active and inactive locomotor states. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2019;50(2):1948–1971. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen I. H., Agerskov C., Arvastson L., Bastlund J. F., Sørensen H. B. D., Herrik K. F. Pharmaco-electroencephalographic responses in the rat differ between active and inactive locomotor states. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2019;50(2):1948–1971. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaboutari J., Zendehdel M., Habibian S., Azimi M., Shaker M., Karimi B. The antiepileptic effect of sodium valproate during different phases of the estrous cycle in PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2012;68(2):155–161. DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0127-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaboutari J., Zendehdel M., Habibian S., Azimi M., Shaker M., Karimi B. The antiepileptic effect of sodium valproate during different phases of the estrous cycle in PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2012;68(2):155–161. DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0127-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bryant S. M., Rhee J. W., Thompson T. M., Lu J. J., Aks S. E. Parenteral ophthalmic tropicamide or cyclopentolate protects rats from lethal organophosphate poisoning. American Journal of Therapeutics. 2009;16(3):231–234. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318182254b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bryant S. M., Rhee J. W., Thompson T. M., Lu J. J., Aks S. E. Parenteral ophthalmic tropicamide or cyclopentolate protects rats from lethal organophosphate poisoning. American Journal of Therapeutics. 2009;16(3):231–234. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318182254b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geyer M. A., Krebs-Thomson K., Braff D. L., Swerdlow N. R. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology. 2001;156(2–3):117–154. DOI: 10.1007/s002130100811.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geyer M. A., Krebs-Thomson K., Braff D. L., Swerdlow N. R. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology. 2001;156(2–3):117–154. DOI: 10.1007/s002130100811.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waku I., Magalhães M. S., Alves C. O., de Oliveira A. R. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy as an animal model for parkinsonism: A systematic review of experimental studies. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2021;53(11):3743–3767. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waku I., Magalhães M. S., Alves C. O., de Oliveira A. R. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy as an animal model for parkinsonism: A systematic review of experimental studies. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2021;53(11):3743–3767. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geerts H., Guillaumat P.-O., Grantham C., Bode W., Anciaux K., Sachak S. Brain levels and acetylcholinesterase inhibition with galantamine and donepezil in rats, mice, and rabbits. Brain Research. 2005;1033(2):186–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geerts H., Guillaumat P.-O., Grantham C., Bode W., Anciaux K., Sachak S. Brain levels and acetylcholinesterase inhibition with galantamine and donepezil in rats, mice, and rabbits. Brain Research. 2005;1033(2):186–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter J. C., Fontana D. J., Hedley L. R., Jasper J. R., Lewis R., Link R. E., Secchi R., Sutton J., Eglen R. M. Assessment of the role of α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice. British Journal of Pharmacology. 1997;122(7):1339–1344. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701520.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter J. C., Fontana D. J., Hedley L. R., Jasper J. R., Lewis R., Link R. E., Secchi R., Sutton J., Eglen R. M. Assessment of the role of α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice. British Journal of Pharmacology. 1997;122(7):1339–1344. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701520.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voronina T. A., Nerobkova L. N. [Effect of phenazepam on sleep cycles in rats]. Farmakol Toksikol. 1981;44(1):18–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina T. A., Nerobkova L. N. [Effect of phenazepam on sleep cycles in rats]. Farmakol Toksikol. 1981;44(1):18–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abásolo D., Simons S., Morgado da Silva R., Tononi G., Vyazovskiy V. V. Lempel-Ziv complexity of cortical activity during sleep and waking in rats. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2015;113(7):2742–2752. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00575.2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abásolo D., Simons S., Morgado da Silva R., Tononi G., Vyazovskiy V. V. Lempel-Ziv complexity of cortical activity during sleep and waking in rats. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2015;113(7):2742–2752. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00575.2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дергачев В. Д., Яковлев Е. Е., Брусина М. А., Бычков Е. Р., Питровский Л. Б., Шабанов П. Д. Противопаркинсоническая активность новых лигандов N-метил-D-аспартат-рецепторов в тесте ареколинового гиперкинеза. Медицинский Совет. 2021;12:406–412. DOI: 10/21518/2079-701X-2021-12-406-412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dergachev V. D., Yakovleva E. E., Brusina M. A., Bychkov E. R., Piotrovskiy L. B., Shabanov P. D. Antiparkinsonian activity of new N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligands in the arecoline hyperkinesis test. Medical Council. 2021;12:406–412. (In Russ.) DOI: 10/21518/2079-701X-2021-12-406-412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballesteros J. A., Weinstein H. Integrated methods for the construction of the three-dimensional models and computational probing of structure-function relations in G protein-coupled receptors. Methods in Neurosciences. 1995;25:366–428. DOI: 10.1016/S1043-9471(05)80049-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballesteros J. A., Weinstein H. Integrated methods for the construction of the three-dimensional models and computational probing of structure-function relations in G protein-coupled receptors. Methods in Neurosciences. 1995;25:366–428. DOI: 10.1016/S1043-9471(05)80049-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manford M. Recent advances in epilepsy. Journal of Neurology. 2017;264(8):1811–1824. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8394-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manford M. Recent advances in epilepsy. Journal of Neurology. 2017;264(8):1811–1824. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8394-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurz M., Belani K. G., Sessler D. I., Kurz A., Larson M. D., Schroeder M., Blanchard D. Naloxone, meperidine, and shivering. Anesthesiology. 1993;79(6):1193–1201. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199312000-00009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurz M., Belani K. G., Sessler D. I., Kurz A., Larson M. D., Schroeder M., Blanchard D. Naloxone, meperidine, and shivering. Anesthesiology. 1993;79(6):1193–1201. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199312000-00009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Höcker J., Weber B., Tonner P. H., Scholz J., Brand P.-A., Ohnesorge H., Bein B. Meperidine, remifentanil and tramadol but not sufentanil interact with α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptors in α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-, α&lt;sub&gt;2B&lt;/sub&gt;- and α&lt;sub&gt;2C&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor knock out mice brain. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2008;582(1–3):70–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.12.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Höcker J., Weber B., Tonner P. H., Scholz J., Brand P.-A., Ohnesorge H., Bein B. Meperidine, remifentanil and tramadol but not sufentanil interact with α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptors in α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-, α&lt;sub&gt;2B&lt;/sub&gt;- and α&lt;sub&gt;2C&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor knock out mice brain. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2008;582(1–3):70–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.12.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kable J. W., Murrin L. C., Bylund D. B. In vivo gene modification elucidates subtype-specific functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2000;293(1):1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kable J. W., Murrin L. C., Bylund D. B. In vivo gene modification elucidates subtype-specific functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2000;293(1):1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe H., Shimizu H. Effect of anticholinergic drugs on striatal acetylcholine release and motor activity in freely moving rats studied by brain microdialysis. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 1989;51(1):75–82. DOI: 10.1254/jjp.51.75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe H., Shimizu H. Effect of anticholinergic drugs on striatal acetylcholine release and motor activity in freely moving rats studied by brain microdialysis. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 1989;51(1):75–82. DOI: 10.1254/jjp.51.75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishop C. M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. New York: Springer; 2006. 778 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishop C. M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. New York: Springer; 2006. 778 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
