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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-3-1866</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-1921</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Eudragit® EPO, модифицированный группами 4-фенилбороновой кислоты, как новый полимерный носитель с улучшенными мукоадгезивными свойствами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eudragit® EPO, modified with 4-phenylboronic acid groups, as a novel polymeric excipient with enhanced mucoadhesive properties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8591-3121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-8041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насибуллин</surname><given-names>Ш. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasibullin</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7391-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-2630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторянский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutoryanskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD, United Kingdom</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.khutoryanskiy@reading.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-2853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moustafine</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruslan.mustafin@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации, федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Казанский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гордеева Д.С., Насибуллин Ш.Ф., Карпов А.Г., Хуторянский В.В., Мустафин Р.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гордеева Д.С., Насибуллин Ш.Ф., Карпов А.Г., Хуторянский В.В., Мустафин Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gordeeva D.S., Nasibullin S.F., Karpov A.G., Khutoryanskiy V.V., Moustafine R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1921">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1921</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Большой интерес в области фармацевтической технологии проявляют к полимерам, обладающим мукоадгезивными свойствами, так как они увеличивают время пребывания лекарства на поверхности слизистой и тем самым повышают биодоступность препарата. Существуют различные мукоадгезивные системы доставки: таблетки, пленки, гели, суспензии на основе микро- и наночастиц и др. Способность к адгезии зависит от вспомогательных веществ полимерной природы, а именно от их химической структуры. Большую роль играют молекулярная масса, поверхностный заряд, гибкость полимерной цепи и наличие различных функциональных групп. Сополимеры под торговым наименованием Eudragit®, производимые немецким концерном Evonik Nutrition &amp; Care GmbH, применяются в фармацевтической промышленности на протяжении нескольких десятилетий для получения пероральных лекарственных форм с контролируемым высвобождением. Eudragit® ЕРО (ЕРО), тройной сополимер на основе метакрилатных мономеров, обладает мукоадгезивными свойствами за счет наличия в своей структуре диметиламино групп. Предлагаемая его химическая модификация с помощью производного фенилбороновой кислоты, ввиду наличия гидроксильных групп в ее структуре, приводит к дополнительному взаимодействию с олигосахаридами муцина, обеспечивая усиление мукоадгезивных свойств Eudragit® ЕРО.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Синтез и исследование химически модифицированной формы Eudragit® ЕРО с применением 4-бромфенилбороновой кислоты с целью повышения мукоадгезивных свойств сополимера для использования в трансмукозальных системах доставки лекарств.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Синтез химически модифицированного Eudragit® ЕРО (ВЕРО) проводили в течение 24 ч при температуре 50 °С с последующей очисткой методом диализа с применением диализной мембраны (MMO = 12–14 кДa; Mеdicеll Intеrnаtionаl Ltd., Великобритания) в течение 7 дней и дальнейшим лиофильным высушиванием при –50 °С и 0,05 мБар с применением Hеtо Pоwеr Dry LL 3000 (Thеrmо Elеctrоn Cоrpоrаtiоn, США) в течение 5 дней. Подтверждение образования химически модифицированной формы ВЕРО проводили методами ИК-спектроскопии на приборе Nicоlеt iS5 (Thеrmо Fisher Sciеntific, США) и 1Н-ЯМР-спектроскопии на приборе DPX 400 МГц (Bruker, Германия). Термогравиметрический анализ (ТГА) и модулированная дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия (мДСК) проводились на приборах Discоvеry ТGА™ и Discоvеry DSC™ (ТА Instrumеnts, США) соответсвенно. Изучение мукоадгезивных свойств проводилось по способности удерживания сополимера на изолированной слизистой носа овцы в течение 30 мин при температуре 37,0 ± 0,5 °С.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Был получен ВЕРО со степенью замещения диметиламино групп фенилбороновой кислотой на 25 % (BEPO25) и 50 % (BEPO50). Выход BEPO25 составил 40,70 %, ВЕРО50 – 30,79 %. На ИК-спектрах ВЕРО появляются характеристические полосы в области 1605 см–1, которые указывают на присоединение фенилбороновой кислоты к ЕРО. На 1Н-ЯМР-спектрах ВЕРО наблюдается образование дополнительных пиков в диапазоне 7,8 и 7,5 ppm, которые отсутствуют на спектре ЕРО и указывают на наличие фенилбороновой кислоты. Согласно данным ТГА, полученные образцы модифицированного ЕРО характеризуются сопоставимой с исходным ЕРО термической стабильностью. Результаты анализа ДСК-термограмм свидетельствуют, что температуры стеклования (Tс) образцов ВЕРО несколько выше, чем исходного ЕРО, что может быть связано с уменьшением свободных диметиламино групп в составе терполимера. Образец ВЕРО50 удерживается на поверхности изолированной слизистой носа овцы в течение 30 мин, в то время как ЕРО смывается искусственной назальной жидкостью за 5 мин.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Получение и исследование ВЕРО является перспективным направлением для дальнейшего использования в трансмукозальных системах доставки лекарств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In the pharmaceutical technology field there is great interest in polymers with mucoadhesive properties, as they increase the drug retention time on the mucosal surface and increase the bioavailability of the drug. There are various mucoadhesive drug delivery systems: tablets, films, gels, suspensions of micro- and nanoparticles, etc. The ability to adhesion depends on the excipients, especially on their chemical structure. Molecular weight, surface charge, flexibility of the polymer chain and the presence of various functional groups play an important role. Polymers under the trade name Eudragit®, produced by the German concern Evonik Nutrition &amp; Care GmbH, have been used in the pharmaceutical field for several decades to produce controlled-release oral dosage forms. Eudragit® EPO (EPO) is a ternary copolymer based on methacrylic acid derivatives and has mucoadhesive properties due to the presence of dimethylamino groups in its structure. The proposed chemical modification of Eudragit® EPO with a phenylboronic acid derivative, due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in their structure, leads to additional interaction with mucin oligosaccharides, providing enhanced mucoadhesive properties of this polymer.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Synthesis and study of a chemically modified Eudragit® EPO using 4-bromophenylboronic acid in order to increase the mucoadhesive properties of the copolymer for use in transmucosal drug delivery systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The synthesis of chemically modified Eudragit® EPO (BEPO) was carried out for 24 hours at 50 °C, followed by purification by dialysis using a dialysis membrane (MMO = 12–14 kDa; Medicell International Ltd, UK) for 7 days and freeze drying at –50 °C and 0.05 mbar using Heto Power Dry LL 3000 (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) for 5 days. Confirmation of the formation of ВЕРО was carried out by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on a Nicolet iS5 spectrometer (Thеrmо Fisher Sciеntific, USA) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy on a DPX 400 MHz device (Bruker, Germany). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) were performed using Discovery TGA™ and Discovery DSC™ (TA Instruments, USA), respectively. The study of mucoadhesive properties was performed by the ability to retain the copolymer on the isolated sheep nasal mucosa at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C for 30 minutes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. BEPO was prepared with a substitution degree of dimethylamino groups with phenylboronic acid of 25 % (BEPO25) and 50 % (BEPO50). The yields of BEPO25 and BEPO50 were 40.70 and 30.79 %. The new characteristic band appears at 1605 cm–1 in the IR spectrum of BEPO, which indicates the attachment of phenylboronic acid to EPO. In the 1H-NMR spectrum of BEPO, the formation of additional peaks in the range of 7.8 and 7.5 ppm is observed, which are absent in the EPO spectrum, which indicates the presence of phenylboronic acid. According to TGA results the samples of boronated EPO have the thermal stability similar to the original EPO. The results of DSC analysis show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of BEPO samples is somehow higher than the original EPO, which is probably associated with a decrease in the amount of free dimethylamino groups in the terpolymer structure. BEPO50 is retained on the surface of isolated sheep nasal mucosa for 30 minutes, while EPO is washed off with artificial nasal fluid in 5 minutes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development and study of BEPO is a promising direction for further use in transmucosal drug delivery systems.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Eudragit® ЕРО</kwd><kwd>фенилбороновая кислота</kwd><kwd>интраназальная доставка</kwd><kwd>мукоадгезия</kwd><kwd>трансмукозальные системы доставки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Eudragit® EPO</kwd><kwd>phenylboronic acid</kwd><kwd>nasal delivery</kwd><kwd>mucoadhesion</kwd><kwd>transmucosal delivery systems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование было выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (научный проект № 23-15-00263). Также авторы выражают благодарность Правительству Республики Татарстан за предоставление гранта «Алгарыш» на научную стажировку Д. С. Гордеевой в Университете Рединга (Рединг, Великобритания), где была выполнена большая часть работы, и немецкой компании Evonik Nutrition &amp; Care GmbH за предоставление образца Eudragit® ЕРО.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was made with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF № 23-15-00263). The authors express their gratitude to the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan for providing the "Algarysh" grant for the internship of Daria S. Gordeeva at the University of Reading (Reading, UK), where most of the research was carried out, and German company Evonik Nutrition &amp; Care GmbH for providing a sample of Eudragit® EPO.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smart J. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2005;57(11):1556–1568. 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