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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-1-1753</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2000</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка подлинности цветков каштана конского (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) методом растровой электронной микроскопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the authenticity of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) flowers by scanning electron microscopy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-6877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунилин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunilin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>394018, г. Воронеж, Университетская площадь, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Universitetskaya sq., Voronezh, 394018</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-5067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тринеева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trineeva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>394018, г. Воронеж, Университетская площадь, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Universitetskaya sq., Voronezh, 394018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trineevaov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный университет» (ФГБОУ ВО «ВГУ»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>245</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дунилин А.Д., Тринеева О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дунилин А.Д., Тринеева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dunilin A.D., Trineeva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2000">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2000</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Каштан конский (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) – растение, широко использующееся в официальной и народной медицине многих стран. Фармакопейным сырьем в Российской Федерации являются только семена каштана конского. Цветки, благодаря содержащейся в них фракции фенольных производных и тритерпеновых сапонинов, являются перспективным лекарственным растительным сырьем, предположительно обладающим венотонизирующим и мембранопротекторным действием. Для получения лекарственных растительных препаратов на основе цветков каштана конского требуется наличие нормативной документации, содержащей перечень показателей качества, в том числе описание признаков его подлинности (морфологии и анатомии). Одним из передовых методов, широко применяемых в медицине и в последнее время все чаще используемых в фармакогностическом анализе, является растровая электронная микроскопия. В отличие от традиционной световой микроскопии метод дает возможность получить объемное пространственное представление о диагностически значимых признаках лекарственного растительного сырья.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью исследования являлось изучение особенностей морфологии поверхности цветков каштана конского методом растровой электронной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования служили высушенные цельные цветки каштана конского обыкновенного (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), собранные в Воронежской области в 2023 году в начале цветения. Кусочки цветков предварительно напыляли кремнием на автоматической напылительной установке Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., Великобритания). Микрофотографии получены на электронном микроскопе JSM-6510LV (JEOL Ltd., Япония).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Микрофотографии, полученные в ходе анализа, показали диагностически значимые особенности строения цветка: эпидермальные клетки лепестков венчика многоугольные, неправильной формы, некоторые вытянутые, с извилистыми складками. Пыльцевые зерна могут быть собраны в гроздеобразные скопления, располагаться разрозненно или встречаться поодиночке. Поверхность лепестка венчика покрыта многочисленными, часто перекручивающимися волосками, имеющими грубобородавчатую структуру и конусовидное основание с четко выраженным местом крепления. Поверхность тычиночных нитей бороздчатая, с продольными складками с единичными одноклеточными волосками. Пыльник обладает складчатой формой, его поверхность выстилают чешуйчатые эпидермальные клетки с грубыми и утолщенными стенками. Поверхность чашечки, включая цветоножку, также густо опушена многочисленными трихомами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Метод растровой электронной микроскопии впервые использован для изучения морфолого-анатомических признаков цветков каштана конского. Уточнено строение основных диагностически значимых структур данного ЛРС. Определена морфология поверхности эпидермиса лепестков венчика и чашечки, трихом, пыльцевых нитей, пыльников и пыльцевых зерен цветков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) is a plant widely used in official and folk medicine in many countries. Pharmacopoeia raw materials in the Russian Federation are only horse chestnut seeds. Flowers, due to the fraction of phenolic derivatives and triterpene saponins contained in them, are a promising medicinal plant raw material, presumably having a venotonizing and membrane-protective effect. To obtain medicinal herbal preparations based on horse chestnut flowers, it is required to have regulatory documentation containing a list of quality indicators, including a description of the signs of its authenticity (morphology and anatomy). Scanning electron microscopy is one of the advanced methods that have recently been increasingly used in medicine and pharmacognostic analysis. Unlike light microscopy, the method provides a three-dimensional spatial representation of diagnostically significant signs of medicinal plant raw materials.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphology of the surface of horse chestnut flowers by scanning electron microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole flowers of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2023 at the beginning of flowering. The pieces of flowers were pre-sprayed with silicon on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., Great Britain). Micrographs were obtained using the JSM-6510LV electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Japan).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The micrographs obtained during the analysis showed diagnostically significant features of the flower structure: the epidermal cells of the corolla petals are polygonal, irregularly shaped, some elongated with sinuous folds. Pollen grains can be collected in cluster-like clusters, located separately or found singly. The surface of the corolla petal is covered with numerous often twisting hairs having a rough-warped structure and a cone-shaped base with a clearly defined attachment point. The surface of the staminate filaments is striated, with longitudinal folds with single unicellular hairs. The anther has a folded shape, its surface is lined with scaly epidermal cells with rough and thickened walls. The surface of the calyx, including the pedicel, is also densely pubescent with numerous trichomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The scanning electron microscopy method was used for the first time to study the morphological and anatomical features of horse chestnut flowers. The structure of the main diagnostically significant structures of this LRS has been clarified. The morphology of the epidermis surface of the petals of the corolla and calyx, trichomes, pollen filaments, anthers and pollen grains of flowers has been determined. It has been established that carbon and oxygen are the predominant elements of the raw materials.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цветки каштана конского</kwd><kwd>Aesculus hippocastanum L.</kwd><kwd>электронная растровая микроскопия</kwd><kwd>морфологические и микродиагностические признаки сырья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>horse chestnut flowers</kwd><kwd>Aesculus hippocastanum L.</kwd><kwd>electron scanning microscopy</kwd><kwd>morphological and microdiagnostic signs of raw materials</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bielarska A. M., Jasek J. W., Kazimierczak R., Hallmann E. Red Horse Chestnut and Horse Chestnut Flowers and Leaves: A Potential and Powerful Source of Polyphenols with High Antioxidant Capacity. Molecules. 2022;27(7):2279. 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