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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-2-2028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2056</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ особенностей планирования исследований биоэквивалентности с адаптивным дизайном для лекарственных препаратов, аналогов эндогенных соединений адеметионина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the features of planning bioequivalence studies with adaptive design for drug products analogous to endogenous compounds ademetionine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-7114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерёменко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127051, г. Москва, Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2;</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Petrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 127051;</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Eremenkonn2014@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России); Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products; I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>211</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерёменко Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерёменко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eremenko N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2056">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2056</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Адаптивный дизайн клинических исследований биоэквивалентности представляет собой более гибкий подход, позволяющий вносить изменения в протоколы в ходе исследования на основании накопленных данных. Для лекарственных препаратов – аналогов эндогенных соединений, к которым относится адеметионин, это может быть рациональным выбором, учитывая присутствие их эндогенных концентраций, возможные физиологические колебания и гомеостатические механизмы. Поскольку адеметионин включен в клинические рекомендации МЗ РФ по лечению различных заболеваний печени, большой интерес вызывает разработка воспроизведенных препаратов, что требует тщательного планирования клинических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ разрешенных протоколов клинических исследований биоэквивалентности с адаптивным дизайном для ЛП – аналога эндогенного соединения адеметионина, таблеток, покрытых кишечнорастворимой оболочкой.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В базе данных разрешенных клинических исследований ГРЛС МЗ РФ был проведен поиск протоколов по ключевым словам «адаптивный дизайн», «биоэквивалентность» за период с 2023 по 2024 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В статье проводится анализ 9 протоколов биоэквивалентности с адаптивным дизайном по Potvin C лекарственных препаратов – аналогов эндогенного соединения адеметионина, таблеток, покрытых кишечнорастворимой оболочкой. Первичными конечными точками являлись фармакокинетические параметры Cmax и AUC0–t. В качестве оцениваемого аналита изучался адеметионин. В 77,8 % протоколов планировалась оценка эндогенного фона адеметионина с последующей коррекцией фармакокинетических показателей. В изучаемых протоколах расчет размера выборки не проводился, так как значение коэффициента внутрииндивидуальной вариации (CVintra) Cmax и AUC0–t адеметионина в литературе не описано.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты анализа показали, что для разработки воспроизведенных препаратов адеметионина рациональным является корректно спланированное исследование биоэквивалентности с выбором адаптивного дизайна (до момента публикации в специализированной литературе значений CVintra адеметионина), с оценкой эндогенного фона. Учитывая модифицированную лекарственную форму, в клинической разработке данных препаратов необходимым является проведение исследований биоэквивалентности с приемом препаратов натощак и после приема пищи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Adaptive design in clinical bioequivalence studies offers a more flexible approach, allowing for modifications to protocols during the trial based on accumulated data. This is particularly relevant for drugs that are analogs of endogenous compounds, such as ademetionine, due to the presence of endogenous concentrations, potential physiological fluctuations, and homeostatic mechanisms. Given that ademetionine is included in the clinical guidelines by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for treating various liver diseases, there is significant interest in developing generic formulations, which necessitates careful planning of clinical studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of this work is to analyze approved protocols for bioequivalence studies with adaptive designs for a drug product that is an analog of the endogenous compound ademetionine, specifically enteric-coated tablets.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A search was conducted in the database of approved clinical trials by the State Register of Medicines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation using keywords "adaptive design" and "bioequivalence" for the period from 2023 to 2024.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The article analyzes nine bioequivalence protocols with adaptive designs related to Potvin C's methodology for drugs analogous to the endogenous compound ademetionine in enteric-coated tablet form. The primary endpoints were pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0–t. Ademetionine was studied as the evaluated analyte. In 77.8 % of the protocols, there was a planned assessment of the endogenous background of ademetionine followed by adjustments to pharmacokinetic parameters. Sample size calculations were not performed in these protocols due to the lack of reported values for the coefficient of intra-individual variation (CVintra) for Cmax and AUC0–t of ademetionine in literature.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis results indicate that a well-planned bioequivalence study with an adaptive design (until CVintra values for ademetionine are published in specialized literature) is rational for developing generic formulations of ademetionine, with an assessment of the endogenous background. Considering the modified dosage form, it is necessary to conduct bioequivalence studies with administration both fasting and after meals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэквивалентность</kwd><kwd>эндогенные вещества</kwd><kwd>адаптивный дизайн</kwd><kwd>коэффициент внутрииндивидуальной вариабельности</kwd><kwd>адеметионин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioequivalence</kwd><kwd>endogenous substances</kwd><kwd>adaptive design</kwd><kwd>coefficient of intra-individual variability</kwd><kwd>ademetionine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022300127-0).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Center for Expertise of Medical and Social Development" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 056-00001-25-00 for applied scientific research (state registration number of research work 124022300127-0).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J., Feng K., Xu M., Gong X., Sun W., Kim J., Zhang Z., Wang M., Fang L., Zhao L. 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