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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-3-2071</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние разных доз парикальцитола на экспрессию рецепторов к витамину D в ткани печени мышей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of different doses of paricalcitol on the expression of vitamin D receptors in mice liver tissue</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-7285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сатаева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sataieva</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5/7, Lenina Boulevard, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanzcool@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-6773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малыгина</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malygina</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5/7, Lenina Boulevard, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0843-1465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5/7, Lenina Boulevard, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-4311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривенцов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kriventsov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5/7, Lenina Boulevard, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуртовая</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurtovaya</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5/7, Lenina Boulevard, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинский институт имени С. И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет им. В. И. Вернадского» (ФГАОУ ВО «КФУ им. В. И. Вернадского»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Order of the Red Banner of Labor Medical Institute named after S. I. Georgievsky V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сатаева Т.П., Малыгина В.Ю., Давыдова А.А., Кривенцов М.А., Гуртовая А.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сатаева Т.П., Малыгина В.Ю., Давыдова А.А., Кривенцов М.А., Гуртовая А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sataieva T.P., Malygina V.Y., Davydova A.A., Kriventsov M.A., Gurtovaya A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2158">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2158</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Применение высоких доз витамина D приводит к нежелательным побочным эффектам, таким как гиперкальциемия. Парикальцитол (ПК) – это биологически активное синтетическое вещество, которое селективно связывается с внутриклеточными рецепторами витамина D и не вызывает гиперкальциемию. Известно о влиянии данного препарата на метаболические пути, секрецию паратиреоидного гормона, астму и фиброз печени, что подтверждает его широкий клинический потенциал. Однако влиянию разных доз ПК на состояние клеток печени, которые являются важнейшим местом его метаболизма, посвящены единичные публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияние внутрибрюшинного введения разных доз ПК на степень активации рецепторов к витамину D и провести морфологическую оценку состояния ткани печени у мышей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В эксперименте использовали самцов мышей линии BALB/c без внешних патологических признаков, весом 16–18 г и возрастом 4–6 недель, которых разделили на 4 группы. Здоровые животные контрольной группы получали внутрибрюшинно по 100 мкл физраствора. Животные из 2, 3 и 4-й групп получали ПК внутрибрюшинно в дозе 25, 50 и 100 нг/мышь соответственно на 1, 2, 4 и 7-й день. Выведение из эксперимента осуществлялось на 10-й или на 21-й день после начала эксперимента. Гистологическую оценку тканей печени выведенных из эксперимента на 10-й день животных проводили согласно общепринятым гистологическим методикам. Иммуногистохимическое исследование проводили в автоматическом режиме в иммуногистостейнере Bond™- maX (Leica, Германия). Использовали первичные кроличьи поликлональные антитела к рецептору витамина D.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Введение ПК в разных дозах закономерно повышало общее количество клеток печени, экспрессирующих VDR, преимущественно за счет иммунных клеток. Увеличение процентного количества интенсивно окрашенных непаренхматозных клеток (++++ и +++) наблюдалось к 21-му дню эксперимента и составило в подгруппе 2.2 – 56,0 %, 3.2 – 46,6 % и 4.2 – 48,0 %, в контрольной группе это значение составило 39,5 %. Наиболее близкое к контролю строение ткани печени наблюдалось у животных, которые получали ПК в дозе 25 нг/мышь. В группах мышей, где животные получали ПК в дозах 50 нг/мышь и 100 нг/мышь, отмечались определенные морфологические изменения, носящие преимущественно дистрофический и дисциркуляторный характер, что отражало токсическое влияние этих доз ПК на метаболизм гепатоцитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Введение разных доз парикальцитола приводит к повышению экспрессии VDR преимущественно в непаренхиматозных клетках печени, осуществляющих иммунные функции. Экспрессия VDR в гепатоцитах всех подгрупп возрастала к 10-му дню наблюдения и снижалась к 21-му дню, что, вероятно, было обусловлено гибелью этих клеток. Микроскопическое исследование показало, что использование ПК у здоровых мышей приводит к определенным дозозависимым изменениям в печени, наименее токсичной является доза ПК 25 нг/мышь. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The high doses of vitamin D lead to undesirable side effects such as hypercalcemia. Paricalcitol (PC) is a biologically active synthetic substance that selectively binds to intracellular vitamin D receptors and does not cause hypercalcemia. The effect of this drug on metabolic pathways, parathyroid hormone secretion, asthma and liver fibrosis is known, which confirms its wide clinical potential. However, only a few publications have been devoted to the effect of different doses of PC on the state of liver cells, which are the most important site of its metabolism.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the effect of intraperitoneal administration of different doses of paricalcitol on the degree of activation of vitamin D receptors and to conduct a morphological assessment of the state of liver tissue in mice.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiment involved male BALB/c mice without external pathological signs, weighing 16– 18 g and aged 4–6 weeks, which were divided into 4 groups. Healthy animals of the control group received 100 µl of saline solution intraperitoneally. Animals from the groups 2, 3, and 4 received PC intraperitoneally at the doses of 25 ng/mouse, 50 ng/mouse, and 100 ng/mouse, respectively on the days 1, 2, 4, and 7. Sacrifice was performed on the 10th or 21st day after the onset of the experiment. Histological assessment of liver tissues of animals removed from the experiment on day 10 was performed according to generally accepted histological methods. Immunohistochemical examination was performed automatically in a Bond™- maX immunohistostainer (Leica, Germany). Primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the vitamin D receptor were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The introduction of PC in different doses consistently increased the total number of liver cells expressing VDR, mainly due to immune cells. An increase in the percentage of intensely stained non-parenchymatous cells (++++ and +++) was observed by the 21st day of the experiment and amounted to 56.0 % in subgroup 2.2, 3.2 – 46.6 % and 4.2 – 48.0 %, in the control group this value was 39.5 %. The liver tissue structure closest to the control was observed in animals that received PC at a dose of 25 ng/mouse. In the groups of mice where the animals received PC at doses of 50 ng/mouse and 100 ng/mouse, certain morphological changes were noted, mainly of a dystrophic and discirculatory nature, which reflected the toxic effect of these doses of PC on the metabolism of hepatocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The administration of different doses of PC leads to an increase in VDR expression mainly in non-parenchymatous liver cells that perform immune functions. VDR expression in hepatocytes of all subgroups increased by the 10th day of observation and decreased by the 21st day, which was probably due to the death of these cells. Microscopic examination showed that the use of PC in healthy mice leads to certain dose-dependent changes in the liver, the least toxic dose of PC is 25 ng/mouse.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатоциты</kwd><kwd>клетки Купфера</kwd><kwd>дистрофия</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatocytes</kwd><kwd>Kupffer cells</kwd><kwd>dystrophy</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом РНФ 23-15-20015, соглашение от 20.04.2023.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 23-15-20015, agreement dated 04/20/2023.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wimalawansa S. J. Physiological Basis for Using Vitamin D to Improve Health. 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