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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-4-2198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2243</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка и фармакотехнологические исследования трансдермальных пластырей с транс-ресвератролом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development and pharmacotechnological studies of transdermal patches with trans-resveratrol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimov</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, литера А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.yakimov@spcpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-7553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ногаева</surname><given-names>У. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nogaeva</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, литера А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Флисюк</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Flisyuk</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, литера А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якимов К.Д., Ногаева У.В., Флисюк Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якимов К.Д., Ногаева У.В., Флисюк Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakimov K.D., Nogaeva U.V., Flisyuk E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2243">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2243</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Благодаря широкому спектру биологической активности транс-ресвератрол является перспективным кандидатом для создания лекарственных препаратов на его основе. Однако низкая растворимость в воде и химическая нестабильность субстанции при пероральном приеме ограничивает его применение в клинической практике. В связи с этим перспективно рассмотреть альтернативные системы доставки, лимитирующие эффект первого прохождения через печень.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка и фармакотехнологическая оценка трансдермальных пластырей с ресвератролом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объект исследования – субстанция транс-ресвератрола (DSM, Швейцария). В качестве полимеров-носителей, обеспечивающих адгезию пластырей, рассматривали поливинилпирролидон (ПВП) различной молекулярной массы (К-17, К-30, К-90, USP, Dalian Sinobio Chemistry Co., Ltd., Китай) и сополимер метакриловой кислоты и этилакрилата (BASF, Германия). Роль пластификатора выполнял полиэтиленгликоль-400 (ПЭГ-400) (ООО ГК «РусХим», Россия). Натрия метабисульфит (Yantai Sodium Metabisulphite Co., Ltd., Китай) использовали как антиокислитель, а спирт этиловый 95%-й (ФС.2.1.0036, Р N003960/01, ООО «РОСБИО», Россия) – как растворитель компонентов матрицы. Полиэтилентерефталатная пленка толщиной 20 мкм была необходима для создания внешнего покровного слоя (подложки), антиадгезивная силиконизированная бумага – для защиты матриц. Пластыри готовили методом полива. Высушивание проводили в климатической камере HPP110 (Memmert, Германия). В рамках контроля качества готовых ТТС, согласно требованиям методики «FTM 8» руководства международной ассоциации FINAT, оценивали сопротивление сдвигу, а также проводили оценку липкости в соответствии с монографией «Methods of Adhesion Testing» Японской фармакопеи 18-го издания. Роль препарата сравнения выполнял трансдермальный пластырь Никоретте® (LTS Lohmann Therapy-Systems AG, Германия). Для изучения биофармацевтических свойств разработанных составов использовали тестер растворения ERWEKA DT 626 (ERWEKA GmbH, Германия) с диском-держателем. Оценку гигроскопичности матриц проводили при помощи сушильного шкафа BINDER FED 53 (BINDER GmbH, Германия). Результаты исследования анализировали стандартными методами статистики в соответствии с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи РФ. Для сравнения показателей адгезии между группами проводили однофакторный дисперсионный анализ (One-way ANOVA, GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, США) при p &lt; 0,0001.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При сравнительной оценке сопротивления сдвигу было установлено, что увеличение толщины матрицы приводит к росту числа сдвиговых слоев, что снижает ее когезионную прочность. Введение высокомолекулярных ПВП К-30 и К-90 в рецептуру к ПВП К-17 обеспечивает концентрационно зависимое увеличение внутренней прочности композиции и повышает ее сопротивление сдвиговым деформациям, при этом оказывает негативное влияние на высвобождение действующего вещества из полимерной матрицы. Состав на основе сополимера метакриловой кислоты и этилакрилата иллюстрирует оптимальное сочетание адгезивных и биофармацевтических свойств.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование подтверждает, что разработка ТТС представляет собой сложный, многоэтапный процесс, требующий сбалансированного подхода к оптимизации состава. Критически важным аспектом является необходимость комплексной оценки нескольких ключевых показателей качества, поскольку модификация рецептуры, направленная на улучшение одних характеристик, может привести к ухудшению других. В рамках дальнейшей разработки пластырей с ресвератролом перспективно использовать матрицу на основе сополимера метакриловой кислоты и этилакрилата, а также рассмотреть возможность совершенствования состава на основе ПВП К-17 с целью улучшения его адгезионных характеристик.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Due to its broad spectrum of biological activity, trans-resveratrol is a promising candidate for the development of pharmaceuticals. However, its low aqueous solubility and chemical instability when administered orally limit its clinical use. Therefore, alternative delivery methods that limit the first-pass effect through the liver are promising.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development and pharmacotechnological evaluation of resveratrol transdermal patches.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The object of the study was the substance trans-resveratrol (DSM, Switzerland). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of various molecular weights (K-17, K-30, K-90, USP, Dalian Sinobio Chemistry Co., Ltd., China) and a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (BASF, Germany) were considered as carrier polymers that ensured the adhesion of the patches. Polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG-400) (LLC GC "Ruskhim", Russia) served as a plasticizer. Sodium metabisulfite (Yantai Sodium Metabisulfite Co., Ltd, China) was used as an antioxidant, and ethyl alcohol 95 % (Pharmacopoeial Monograph 2.1.0036, Р N003960/01, ROSBIO LLC, Russia) served as a solvent for the matrix components. A 20-μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate film formed the outer coating layer (backing), and anti-adhesive siliconized paper protected the matrices. Patches were prepared using the casting method and dried in an HPP110 climatic chamber (Memmert, Germany). As part of the quality control of the finished TTS, shear resistance was assessed in accordance with the requirements of the FTM 8 methodology of the FINAT International Association Guidelines, and adhesion was assessed in accordance with the "Methods of Adhesion Testing" monograph of the 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The Nicorette® transdermal patch (LTS Lohmann Therapy-Systems AG, Germany) served as the reference drug. An ERWEKA DT 626 dissolution tester (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) with a holder disk was used to study the biopharmaceutical properties of the developed formulations. The hygroscopicity of the matrices was assessed using a BINDER FED 53 drying oven (BINDER GmbH, Germany). The test results were processed using elementary statistical methods in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. To compare adhesion indices between groups, a one-way analysis of variance was performed (One-way ANOVA, GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, USA) at p &lt; 0,0001.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. A comparative assessment of shear strength revealed that increasing matrix thickness leads to an increase in the number of shear layers, which reduces its cohesive strength. The introduction of high-molecular-weight PVP K-30 and K-90 into the PVP K-17 formulation provides a concentration-dependent increase in the composition's internal strength and enhances its resistance to shear deformations, but has a negative impact on the release of the active ingredient from the polymer matrix. The composition, based on a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, demonstrates an optimal combination of adhesive and biopharmaceutical properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study confirms that developing a TTS is a complex, multi-step process that requires a balanced approach to formulation optimization. A critical aspect is the need for a comprehensive assessment of several key quality indicators, as modifying the formulation to improve some characteristics may degrade others. For further development of resveratrol patches, it is promising to use a matrix based on a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, and to consider optimizing the PVP K-17-based formulation to improve its adhesion properties.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансдермальный пластырь</kwd><kwd>транс-ресвератрол</kwd><kwd>биофармацевтические исследования in vitro</kwd><kwd>УФ-спектрофотометрия</kwd><kwd>липкость</kwd><kwd>адгезия при сдвиге</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transdermal patch</kwd><kwd>trans-resveratrol</kwd><kwd>in vitro biopharmaceutical studies</kwd><kwd>UV spectrophotometry</kwd><kwd>tack</kwd><kwd>shear adhesion</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена на базе Центра коллективного пользования (ЦКП) «Аналитический центр ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out at the Shared Use Center (SUC) of the Analytical Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg Chemical-Funded University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арефьев А. 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