<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-1-2171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биофармацевтическая оценка систем контролируемой пероральной доставки индометацина на основе полимер-лекарственного и интерполиэлектролит-лекарственного комплексов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biopharmaceutical evaluation of oral controlled indomethacin delivery systems based on drug-polymer and drug-interpolyelectrolyte complexes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-4585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситенков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitenkov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситенкова (Буховец)</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitenkova (Bukhovets)</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-8041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насибуллин</surname><given-names>Ш. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasibullin</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-0845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сёмина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6/30, Lev Tolstoy str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-2853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moustafine</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16420012, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 4201266/30, Lev Tolstoy str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruslan.mustafin@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy. Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Laboratory. Kazan State Medical University (KSMU)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy. Kazan State Medical University; Central Research Laboratory. Kazan State Medical University (KSMU)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ситенков А.Ю., Ситенкова (Буховец) А.В., Насибуллин Ш.Ф., Сёмина И.И., Мустафин Р.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ситенков А.Ю., Ситенкова (Буховец) А.В., Насибуллин Ш.Ф., Сёмина И.И., Мустафин Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sitenkov A.Y., Sitenkova (Bukhovets) A.V., Nasibullin S.F., Semina I.I., Moustafine R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2262">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2262</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Интерполиэлектролитные комплексы (ИПЭК) – перспективные носители для систем с контролируемым высвобождением активных фармацевтических ингредиентов (АФИ). Введение АФИ ионного характера в системы доставки может приводить к образованию связей с полиэлектролитами, что оказывает влияние на высвобождение лекарственного вещества из лекарственной формы. Ранее были получены полимер-лекарственный комплекс на основе Eudragit® EPO с индометацином, а также интерполиэлектролит-лекарственный комплекс, образованный сополимерами Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® S100 и индометацином. Проведена оценка физико-химических свойств оптимальных образцов и показана перспективность их использования в системах контролируемой доставки индометацина.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительная биофармацевтическая оценка полимер-лекарственного и интерполиэлектролит-лекарственного комплексов как систем пероральной направленной доставки индометацина.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Полимер-лекарственный комплекс на основе Eudragit® EPO и индометацина (ПЛК ЕРО/ИНД) и интерполиэлектролит-лекарственный комплекс на основе Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® S100 и индометацина (ИПЭЛК ЕРО/S100/ИНД) получены при молярном соотношении компонентов 3 : 1 и 4,5 : 1 : 1 соответственно. Оценку высвобождения индометацина из порошков и таблеток ПЛК и ИПЭЛК проводили методом II («Лопастная мешалка») с использованием тестера растворения DT 828 (ERWEKA GmbH, Германия). Концентрацию индометацина определяли УФ-спектрофотометрически на спектрофотометре Lambda 25 (PerkinElmer, США) при длине волны 270 нм. Математическое моделирование высвобождения индометацина осуществляли с использованием программы Microsoft Excel Office. Фармакокинетические исследования проводили на кроликах породы советская шиншилла. Исследуемые образцы вводили перорально, через определенные интервалы времени отбирали пробы крови из ушной вены. Концентрацию индометацина в плазме крови определяли методом ВЭЖХ на хроматографе LC-20 Prominence (Shimadzu, Япония) с УФ-детектированием. Основные фармакокинетические показатели рассчитывали с использованием программы Thermo Kinetica® (version 5.0, build 5.00.11; Thermo Fisher Scientific, США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Профили высвобождения индометацина из порошков ПЛК и ИПЭЛК характеризуются как «кишечный тип», где превалирующим механизмом является процесс релаксации полимерных цепей при высвобождении субстанции. Высвобождение индометацина из таблетированной матрицы на основе ИПЭЛК отличается от профиля высвобождения из порошка ИПЭЛК и достигает 19 %. Профиль высвобождения индометацина из таблеток ПЛК EPO/ИНД сходен с профилем высвобождения из порошка и достигает 58 %. На поверхности таблеток ИПЭЛК образуется гидрогелевый слой, который препятствует проникновению среды растворения внутрь матрицы. Высвобождение индометацина из образцов ИПЭЛК ЕРО/S100/ИНД происходит за счет диффузии лекарственного вещества из матрицы. ПЛК и ИПЭЛК в виде порошков обладают большим средним временем удерживания (MRT) по сравнению с таблетками ПЛК и ИПЭЛК. MRT ИПЭЛК и ПЛК в виде порошка превышает MRT cубстанции индометацина в три и четыре раза соответственно. Максимальная концентрация индометацина в плазме крови кроликов при пероральном введении таблеток ИПЭЛК наблюдается через 8 часов эксперимента.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высвобождение индометацина из ПЛК EPO/ИНД происходит за счет наличия «дефектных» областей и релаксации полимерных цепей, это обеспечивает замедленный выход АФИ и невысокую относительную биодоступность, что позволяет использовать ПЛК в системах доставки индометацина для лечения воспалительных заболеваний толстого кишечника. Таблетированные системы ИПЭЛК EPO/S100/ИНД позволяют изменить профиль высвобождения индометацина за счет процессов диффузии субстанции через образующийся гидрогелевый слой на поверхности матрицы, обеспечивая высокую биодоступность, и могут быть использованы как матричные системы для доставки АФИ в оптимальную зону всасывания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) are promising carriers for controlled drug delivery systems. The introduction of ionic API into delivery systems can lead to the formation of bonds with polyelectrolytes, which affects the release of the drug from the dosage form. Previously, a drug-polymer complex (DPC) based on Eudragit® EPO with indomethacin, as well as an drug-interpolyelectrolyte complex (DIPEC) with the participation of copolymers of Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® S100 and indomethacin were obtained. The physicochemical properties of the optimal samples were assessed and the prospects for their use in controlled delivery systems of indomethacin were shown.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Comparative biopharmaceutical evaluation of drug-polymer and drug-interpolyelectrolyte complexes as oral controlled delivery systems for indomethacin.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Drug-polymer complex based on Eudragit® EPO and indomethacin (DPC EPO/IND) and druginterpolyelectrolyte complex based on Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® S100 and indomethacin (DIPEC EPO/S100/IND) were obtained at the molar ratio of components of 3 : 1 and 4.5 : 1 : 1, respectively. The release of indomethacin from DPC and DIPEC powders and tablets was assessed by apparatus II "Rotating Paddle" using a DT 828 dissolution tester (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany). The concentration of indomethacin was determined by UV spectrophotometry on a Lambda 25 spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, USA) at a wavelength of 270 nm. Mathematical modeling of indomethacin release was performed using Microsoft Excel Office. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. The studied samples were administered orally, blood samples were taken from the ear at certain intervals of time after administration. The concentration of indomethacin in blood plasma was determined by HPLC on an LC-20 Prominence chromatograph (Shimadzu, Japan) with UV-detection. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the Thermo Kinetica® program (Version 5.0, Build 5.00.11; Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The release profiles of indomethacin from DPC and DIPEC powders are characterized as "intestinal type", where the predominant mechanism is the process of relaxation of polymer chains during the release of the substance. The release of indomethacin from the tablet matrix based on DIPEC differs from the release profile from DIPEC powder and reaches 19 %. The release profile of indomethacin from DPC EPO/IND tablets is similar to the release profile from the powder and reaches 58 %. A hydrogel layer is formed on the surface of DIPEC tablets, which prevents the penetration of the dissolution medium into the matrix. The release of indomethacin from DIPEC EPO/S100/IND samples occurs due to the diffusion of the drug from the matrix. DPC and DIPEC in powder form have a longer mean retention time (MRT) compared to DPC and DIPEC tablets. MRT of DIPEC and DPC in powder form exceeds MRT of indomethacin substance by three and four times, respectively. Maximum concentration of indomethacin in blood plasma of rabbits after oral administration of DIPEC tablets is observed after 8 hours of the experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Indomethacin release from DPC EPO/IND occurs due to the presence of "defective" regions and relaxation of polymer chains, this ensures a slow release of the API and low relative bioavailability, which allows using DPC in indomethacin delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the colon. Tablet systems DIPEC EPO/S100/IND allow changing the release profile of indomethacin due to the diffusion processes of the substance through the formed hydrogel layer on the surface of the matrix, ensuring high bioavailability, can be used as matrix systems for delivering the API to the optimal absorption zone.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полимер-лекарственный комплекс</kwd><kwd>интерполиэлектролит-лекарственный комплекс</kwd><kwd>индометацин</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетическая оценка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug polymer complex</kwd><kwd>drug interpolyelectrolyte complex</kwd><kwd>indomethacin</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetic assessment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (научный проект № 23-15-00263).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) in the framework of research project No. 23-15-00263).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I. Role of macromolecular interactions of pharmaceutically acceptable polymers in functioning oral drug delivery systems. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 2014;84:364–367. DOI: 10.1134/S1070363214020388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I. Role of macromolecular interactions of pharmaceutically acceptable polymers in functioning oral drug delivery systems. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 2014;84:364–367. DOI: 10.1134/S1070363214020388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khutoryanskiy V. V. Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes as materials for pharmaceutical applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2007;334:15–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khutoryanskiy V. V. Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes as materials for pharmaceutical applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2007;334:15–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourganis V., Karamanidou T., Kammona O., Kiparissides C. Polyelectrolyte complexes as prospective carriers for the oral delivery of protein therapeutics. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2017;111:44–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourganis V., Karamanidou T., Kammona O., Kiparissides C. Polyelectrolyte complexes as prospective carriers for the oral delivery of protein therapeutics. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2017;111:44–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lankalapalli S., Kolapalli V. R. M. Polyelectrolyte complexes: a review of their applicability in drug delivery technology. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009;71:481–487. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.58165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lankalapalli S., Kolapalli V. R. M. Polyelectrolyte complexes: a review of their applicability in drug delivery technology. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009;71:481–487. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.58165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izumrudov V. A., Mussabayeva B. Kh., Kassymova Zh. S., Klivenko A. N., Orazzhanova L. K. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes: advances and prospects of application. Russian Chemical Reviews. 2019;88(10):1046–1062. DOI: 10.1070/RCR4877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izumrudov V. A., Mussabayeva B. Kh., Kassymova Zh. S., Klivenko A. N., Orazzhanova L. K. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes: advances and prospects of application. Russian Chemical Reviews. 2019;88(10):1046–1062. DOI: 10.1070/RCR4877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордеева Д. С., Ситенкова (Буховец) А. В., Мустафин Р. И. Интерполиэлектролитные комплексы на основе сополимеров Eudragit® как носители для систем биоадгезивной гастроретентивной доставки метронидазола. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2020;9(2):72–76. DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-2-72-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordeeva D. S., Sitenkova (Bukhovets) A. V., Moustafine R. I. Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Eudragit® Copolymers as Carriers for Bioadhesive Gastroretentive Metronidazole Delivery System. Drug development &amp; registration. 2020;9(2):72–76. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-2-72-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordeeva D. S., Sitenkova (Bukhovets) A. V., Moustafine R. I. New Carriers for Bioadhesive Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Eudragit® EPO/Eudragit® L100 Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2024;92(1):14. DOI: 10.3390/scipharm92010014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordeeva D. S., Sitenkova (Bukhovets) A. V., Moustafine R. I. New Carriers for Bioadhesive Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Eudragit® EPO/Eudragit® L100 Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2024;92(1):14. DOI: 10.3390/scipharm92010014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bukhovets A. V., Fotaki N., Khutoryanskiy V. V., Moustafine R. I. Interpolymer Complexes of Eudragit® Copolymers as Novel Carriers for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Polymers. 2020;12(7):1459. DOI: 10.3390/polym12071459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukhovets A. V., Fotaki N., Khutoryanskiy V. V., Moustafine R. I. Interpolymer Complexes of Eudragit® Copolymers as Novel Carriers for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Polymers. 2020;12(7):1459. DOI: 10.3390/polym12071459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р. И., Буховец А. В., Ситенков А. Ю., Гарипова В. Р., Кеменова В. А., Ромбаут П., Ван ден Моотер Г. Синтез и характеристика нового носителя на основе интерполиэлектролитного комплекса Eudragit® ЕРО/ S100 для контролируемой доставки в область толстого кишечника. Химико-фармацевтический журнал. 2011;45(9):45–51. DOI: 10.30906/0023-1134-2011-45-9-45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafin R. I., Bukhovets A. V., Sitenkov A. Yu., Garipova V. R., Kemenova V. A., Rombout P., Van den Mooter G. Synthesis and characterization of a new carrier based on the interpolyelectrolyte complex Eudragit® EPO/ S100 for controlled delivery to the colon. Chemical and pharmaceutical journal. 2011;45(9):45–51. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.30906/0023-1134-2011-45-9-45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I., Kabanova T. V., Kemenova V. A., den Mooter G. V. Characteristics of interpolyelectrolyte complexes of Eudragit E100 with Eudragit L100. Journal of Controlled Release. 2005;103:191–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.11.031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I., Kabanova T. V., Kemenova V. A., den Mooter G. V. Characteristics of interpolyelectrolyte complexes of Eudragit E100 with Eudragit L100. Journal of Controlled Release. 2005;103:191–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.11.031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I., Bodrov A. V., Kemenova V. A., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G. Drug release modification by interpolymer interaction between countercharged types of Eudragit® RL 30D and FS 30D in double-layer films. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2012;439:17–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I., Bodrov A. V., Kemenova V. A., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G. Drug release modification by interpolymer interaction between countercharged types of Eudragit® RL 30D and FS 30D in double-layer films. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2012;439:17–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I., Bukhovets A. V., Sitenkov A. Y., Kemenova V. A., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G. Eudragit® E PO as a complementary material for designing oral drug delivery systems with controlled release properties: comparative evaluation of new interpolyelectrolyte complexes with countercharged Eudragit® L100 copolymers. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2013;10(7):2630–2641. DOI: 10.1021/mp4000635.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I., Bukhovets A. V., Sitenkov A. Y., Kemenova V. A., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G. Eudragit® E PO as a complementary material for designing oral drug delivery systems with controlled release properties: comparative evaluation of new interpolyelectrolyte complexes with countercharged Eudragit® L100 copolymers. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2013;10(7):2630–2641. DOI: 10.1021/mp4000635.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I., Zaharov I. M., Kemenova V. A. Physicochemical characterization and drug release properties of Eudragit® E PO/Eudragit® L 100-55 interpolyelectrolyte complexes. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2006;63:26–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.10.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I., Zaharov I. M., Kemenova V. A. Physicochemical characterization and drug release properties of Eudragit® E PO/Eudragit® L 100-55 interpolyelectrolyte complexes. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2006;63:26–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.10.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saboo S., Kestur U. S., Flaherty D. P., Taylor L. S. Congruent Release of Drug and Polymer from Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Insights into the Role of Drug-Polymer Hydrogen Bonding, Surface Crystallization, and Glass Transition. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2020;17(4):1261–1275. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saboo S., Kestur U. S., Flaherty D. P., Taylor L. S. Congruent Release of Drug and Polymer from Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Insights into the Role of Drug-Polymer Hydrogen Bonding, Surface Crystallization, and Glass Transition. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2020;17(4):1261–1275. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Robertis S., Bonferoni M. C., Elviri L., Sandri G., Caramella C., Bettini R. Advances in oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer non-covalent interactions. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2015;12(3):441–453. DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.966685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Robertis S., Bonferoni M. C., Elviri L., Sandri G., Caramella C., Bettini R. Advances in oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer non-covalent interactions. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2015;12(3):441–453. DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.966685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchera A., Bettini R. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer interactions. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2020;17(10):1345–1359. DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchera A., Bettini R. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer interactions. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2020;17(10):1345–1359. DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palena M. C., Manzo R. H., Jimenez-Kalruz A. F. Self-organized nanoparticles based on drug-interpolyelectrolyte complexes as drug carries. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012;14:867–878. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-012-0867-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palena M. C., Manzo R. H., Jimenez-Kalruz A. F. Self-organized nanoparticles based on drug-interpolyelectrolyte complexes as drug carries. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012;14:867–878. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-012-0867-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palena M. C., García M. C., Manzo R. H., Jimenez-Kalruz A. F. Self-organized drug-interpolyelectrolyte nanocomplexes loaded with anionic drugs. Characterization and in vitro release evaluation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2015;30:45–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palena M. C., García M. C., Manzo R. H., Jimenez-Kalruz A. F. Self-organized drug-interpolyelectrolyte nanocomplexes loaded with anionic drugs. Characterization and in vitro release evaluation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2015;30:45–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bigucci F., Angela A., Vitali B., Saladini B., Cerchiara T., Gallucci M. C., Luppi B. Vaginal inserts based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose complexes for local delivery of chlorhexidine: preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2015;478:456–463. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bigucci F., Angela A., Vitali B., Saladini B., Cerchiara T., Gallucci M. C., Luppi B. Vaginal inserts based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose complexes for local delivery of chlorhexidine: preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2015;478:456–463. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amponsah-Efah K. K., Demeler B., Suryanarayanan R. Characterizing Drug-Polymer Interactions in Aqueous Solution with Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2021;18(1):246–256. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00849.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amponsah-Efah K. K., Demeler B., Suryanarayanan R. Characterizing Drug-Polymer Interactions in Aqueous Solution with Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2021;18(1):246–256. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00849.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafine R. I., Bukhovets A. V., Sitenkov A. Y., Nasibullin Sh. F., Appeltans B., Kabanova T. V., Khutoryanskiy V. V., Van den Mooter G. Indomethacin-containing interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on Eudragit® EPO/S100 copolymers as a novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017;524:121–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafine R. I., Bukhovets A. V., Sitenkov A. Y., Nasibullin Sh. F., Appeltans B., Kabanova T. V., Khutoryanskiy V. V., Van den Mooter G. Indomethacin-containing interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on Eudragit® EPO/S100 copolymers as a novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017;524:121–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorenzo-Lamoza M. L., Remunán-Lopez R. C., Vila-Jato J. L., Alonso M. J. Design of microencapsulated chitosan microspheres for colonic drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release. 1998;52:109–118. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-3659(97)00203-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorenzo-Lamoza M. L., Remunán-Lopez R. C., Vila-Jato J. L., Alonso M. J. Design of microencapsulated chitosan microspheres for colonic drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release. 1998;52:109–118. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-3659(97)00203-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Huo M., Zhou J., Zhou A., Li W., Yao C., Xie S. DDSolver: An Add-In Program for Modeling and Comparison of Drug Dissolution Profiles. The AAPS Journal. 2010;3:263–271. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-010-9185-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Huo M., Zhou J., Zhou A., Li W., Yao C., Xie S. DDSolver: An Add-In Program for Modeling and Comparison of Drug Dissolution Profiles. The AAPS Journal. 2010;3:263–271. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-010-9185-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virginia B., Glass B., Nimmo A. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Indomethacin in Porcine Plasma with Applicability to Human Levels. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 2006;44:41–44. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/44.1.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virginia B., Glass B., Nimmo A. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Indomethacin in Porcine Plasma with Applicability to Human Levels. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 2006;44:41–44. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/44.1.41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niopas I., Mamzoridi K. Determination of indomethacin and mefenamic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. 1994;656:447–450. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00116-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niopas I., Mamzoridi K. Determination of indomethacin and mefenamic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. 1994;656:447–450. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00116-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa P., Sousa Lobo J. M. Evaluation of Mathematical Models Describing Drug Release from Estradiol Transdermal Systems. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2003;29(1):89–97. DOI: 10.1081/DDC-120016687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa P., Sousa Lobo J. M. Evaluation of Mathematical Models Describing Drug Release from Estradiol Transdermal Systems. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2003;29(1):89–97. DOI: 10.1081/DDC-120016687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peppas N., Sahlin J. A simple equation for the description of solute release. III. Coupling of diffusion and relaxation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 1989;57:169–172. DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(89)90306-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peppas N., Sahlin J. A simple equation for the description of solute release. III. Coupling of diffusion and relaxation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 1989;57:169–172. DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(89)90306-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппова Н. И., Теслев А. А. Применение математического моделирования при оценке высвобождения лекарственных веществ in vitro. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2017;(4):218–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova N. I., Teslev A. A. Application of mathematical modeling in the evaluation of in vitro drug release. Drug development &amp; registration. 2017;(4):218–226. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unagollaa J. M., Jayasuriya A. C. Drug transport mechanisms and in vitro release kinetics of vancomycin encapsulated chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticles as a controlled drug delivery system. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018;114:199–209. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unagollaa J. M., Jayasuriya A. C. Drug transport mechanisms and in vitro release kinetics of vancomycin encapsulated chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticles as a controlled drug delivery system. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018;114:199–209. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
