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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-1-2233</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка состава и технологии таблеток для рассасывания с экстрактом Ajania fruticulosa (Ledeb.) Poljak с применением концепции Quality by Design</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of the formulation and manufacturing process of lozenges with Ajania fruticulosa (Ledeb.) Poljak dry extract using the Quality by Design concept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-9429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джакиянов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jakiyanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3689-1757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ридванов</surname><given-names>Ч. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ridvanov</surname><given-names>C. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>040703, Алматинская область, Илийский район, с. Мухаметжан Туймебаев, участок Промзона, здание 282</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Building 282, section Promzona, village Mukhametzhan Tuimebaev, Ilisky district, Almaty region, 040703</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6832-6320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Ж. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Issayev</surname><given-names>Zh. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, проспект Кабанбай батыра, д. 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>53, prospect Kabanbay Batyra, Astana, 010000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-0584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жумашова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumashova</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-5002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекежанова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekezhanova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-0112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулманбетов</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulmanbetov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5143-2841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талгаева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talgayeva</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3052-8176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туруспаева</surname><given-names>Ж. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turuspayeva</surname><given-names>Zh. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-1971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакипова</surname><given-names>З. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakipova</surname><given-names>Z. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6902-6262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cулейменов</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleimenov</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050012, г. Алма-Ата, ул. Толе би, д. 94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>94, Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suleimenov.m@kaznmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Некоммерческое акционерное общество «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова» (НАО «КазНМУ»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью «Абди Ибрахим Глобал Фарм»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Partnership «ABDI IBRAHIM GLOBAL FARM»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Автономная организация образования «Назарбаев Университет» (АОО «Назарбаев Университет»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Autonomous Organisation of Education "Nazarbayev University"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джакиянов А.М., Ридванов Ч.И., Исаев Ж.Н., Жумашова Г.Т., Бекежанова Т.С., Кулманбетов Р.И., Талгаева Е.В., Туруспаева Ж.Ж., Сакипова З.Б., Cулейменов М.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джакиянов А.М., Ридванов Ч.И., Исаев Ж.Н., Жумашова Г.Т., Бекежанова Т.С., Кулманбетов Р.И., Талгаева Е.В., Туруспаева Ж.Ж., Сакипова З.Б., Cулейменов М.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jakiyanov A.M., Ridvanov C.I., Issayev Z.N., Zhumashova G.T., Bekezhanova T.S., Kulmanbetov R.I., Talgayeva Y.V., Turuspayeva Z.Z., Sakipova Z.B., Suleimenov M.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2279">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2279</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье представлена разработка технологии получения таблеток для рассасывания методом прямого прессования с экстрактом сухим Ajania fruticulosa. Концепция Quality by Design (QbD) отражает современный подход к фармацевтической разработке, основанный на идентификации и контроле критических атрибутов качества (Critical Quality Attributes, CQA) и критических параметрах процесса (Critical Process Parameters, CPP), определяющих их вариабельность. Применение статистического планирования экспериментов (Design of Experiments, DoE) позволяет количественно оценить влияние технологических переменных и их взаимодействий, оптимизировать условия производства, снизить объем экспериментальных серий и обеспечить управляемость технологического процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка состава и технологии получения таблеток для рассасывания с экстрактом сухим Ajania fruticulosa методом прямого прессования с применением принципов концепции QbD и DoE.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве активного фармацевтического ингредиента (АФИ) использован стандартизированный согласно Фармакопее ЕАЭС экстракт сухой Ajania fruticulosa, полученный методом мацерации с ультразвуковой интенсификацией. Таблетки для рассасывания получены методом прямого прессования с варьированием концентрации талька (0,1–3,0 %), коповидона (2,0–5,0 %) и давления прессования (15–30 кН). В качестве CQA выбраны распадаемость и истираемость. Планирование эксперимента и статистический анализ проведены с использованием программного обеспечения Minitab Statistical Software 22.3.0 (LLC "Minitab", США) с применением модуля DoE. Распадаемость и истираемость определяли в соответствии с требованиями Фармакопеи ЕАЭС на аппаратах ZT 320 и TAR 220 (ERWEKA GmbH, Германия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Оптимальная концентрация АФИ составила 1,5 %. Согласно результатам DoE, статистически значимое влияние на распадаемость оказывали содержание коповидона и давление прессования, в то время как вклад талька был незначительным. Оптимальные параметры: коповидон – 5 %, тальк – 2 %, давление прессования – 22 кН. При этих условиях распадаемость составила 12,9 мин, истираемость – 0,50 %, индекс общей желательности D = 0,8168.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Реализация концепции QbD в сочетании с DoE обеспечила научно обоснованный подход к разработке таблеток для рассасывания с экстрактом сухим Ajania fruticulosa. Разработанные таблетки для рассасывания соответствует требованиям Фармакопеи ЕАЭС и рекомендованы для масштабирования и промышленного производства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This article presents the development of a technology for obtaining lozenges containing Ajania fruticulosa dry extract using the direct compression method. The Quality by Design (QbD) concept reflects a modern approach to pharmaceutical development based on the identification and control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) and Critical Process Parameters (CPP) that determine their variability. The application of Design of Experiments (DoE) allows for the quantitative assessment of the influence of technological variables and their interactions, optimization of production conditions, reduction of experimental series volume, and ensuring the control of the technological process.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop the composition and technology of lozenges with Ajania fruticulosa dry extract using the direct compression method and applying the principles of the QbD concept.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A standardized Ajania fruticulosa dry extract, obtained by maceration with ultrasonic intensification in accordance with the EAEU Pharmacopoeia, was used as the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). The lozenges were obtained by the direct compression method with varying concentrations of talc (0.1–3.0 %), copovidone (2.0–5.0 %), and compression pressure (15–30 kN). Disintegration time and friability were chosen as the CQAs. Experimental design and statistical analysis were performed using Minitab Statistical Software 22.3.0 (LLC "Minitab", USA) with the DoE module. Disintegration time and friability were determined in accordance with the requirements of the EAEU Pharmacopoeia using ZT 320 and TAR 220 apparatuses (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The optimal API concentration was 1.5 %. According to the DoE results, the copovidone content and compression pressure had a statistically significant effect on the disintegration time, while the contribution of talc was insignificant. The optimal parameters were: copovidone – 5 %, talc – 2 %, compression force – 22 kN. Under these conditions, the disintegration time was 12.9 min, friability was 0.50 %, and the overall desirability index D = 0.8168.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The implementation of the QbD concept in combination with DoE provided a scientifically grounded approach to the development of lozenges with Ajania fruticulosa dry extract. The developed lozenges meet the requirements of the EAEU Pharmacopoeia and are recommended for scale-up and industrial production.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ajania fruticulosa</kwd><kwd>аяния кустарничковая</kwd><kwd>таблетки для рассасывания</kwd><kwd>прямое прессование</kwd><kwd>DoE</kwd><kwd>QbD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ajania fruticulosa</kwd><kwd>lozenges</kwd><kwd>direct compression</kwd><kwd>DoE</kwd><kwd>QbD</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фармакопея Евразийского экономического союза. Том 1, часть 2. М.: Евразийская экономическая комиссия; 2023. 460 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union. Volume 1, part 2. Moscow: The Eurasian Economic Commission; 2023. 430 p. 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