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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-1-2189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Валидация метода Фолина – Чокальтеу для анализа флоротаннинов в свежих и штормовых выбросах бурых водорослях Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Validation of Folin – Ciocalteu assay for phlorotannins analysis in fresh and storm-cast brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-656X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Облучинская</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obluchinskaya</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>183038, г. Мурманск, ул. Владимирская, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk, 183038</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-0665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожарицкая</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozharitskaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>183038, г. Мурманск, ул. Владимирская, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk, 183038</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даурцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daurtseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>183038, г. Мурманск, ул. Владимирская, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk, 183038</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-0695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>183038, г. Мурманск, ул. Владимирская, д. 17; 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, литера А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk, 183038; 14A, Professora Popova str., Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spb.pharmacy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Мурманский морской биологический институт Российской академии наук (ФГБУН ММБИ РАН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Мурманский морской биологический институт Российской академии наук (ФГБУН ММБИ РАН); Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS); Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Облучинская Е.Д., Пожарицкая О.Н., Даурцева А.В., Шиков А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Облучинская Е.Д., Пожарицкая О.Н., Даурцева А.В., Шиков А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Obluchinskaya E.D., Pozharitskaya O.N., Daurtseva A.V., Shikov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2285">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2285</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Флоротанины, являющиеся вторичными метаболитами, в основном вырабатываются бурыми морскими водорослями и относятся к классу полифенольных соединений, обладающих разнообразной биологической активностью. Бурые водоросли, выбрасываемые на берег штормом и составляющие угрозу для прибрежных экосистем, могут стать ценным источником полифенолов. Для количественного определения общего содержания полифенолов в природных образцах чаще всего применяется реактив Фолина – Чокальтеу (FCR).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Основной целью данного исследования является стандартизация и валидация спектрофотометрического определения общего содержания флоротаннинов с использованием FCR и демонстрация его применимости для анализа выброшенных штормом и свежих водорослей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Образцы A. nodosum были собраны на защищенном пляже губы Оленица (66°27'15.7" с.ш. 35°18'20.4" в.д.) Кандалакшского залива (Белое море, Россия) на двух приливных уровнях: один находился во время отлива на глубине 0,6–1,0 м (свежие водоросли), а второй – на супралиторали в зоне заплеска волн (водоросли из штормовых выбросов). Полевой отбор проб проводился в период с июня по сентябрь. Очищенные водоросли доставляли в лабораторию, тщательно промывали чистой водой, лиофильно высушивали и измельчались в порошок. Функциональные группы, присутствующие в водорослях, идентифицировались с помощью инфракрасной Фурье-спектроскопии (ИК-Фурье). Спектрофотометрический метод с использованием реактива Фолина – Чокальтеу оптимизирован для анализа свежих и выброшенных штормом бурых водорослей и валидирован в соответствии с национальными и международными рекомендациями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Оптимальными условиями для анализа были время анализа, длина волны и стандартное вещество: 45 мин, 750 нм и флороглюцин, соответственно. В этих условиях валидация методики спектрофотометрии показала, что метод линейный (R2 &gt; 0,99), специфичный, точный, достоверный, воспроизводимый, надежный и простой в применении. Предел обнаружения и предел количественного определения составили 0,005 и 0,02 мг/мл, соответственно. Внутридневная (RSD 2,16 %) и междневная (RSD 2,84 %) прецизионность анализа была рассчитана. Оценка влияния матрицы показала, что она оказывает незначительное влияние (1,9 %) на количественное определение флоротаннинов. Содержание флоротаннинов в водорослях, выброшенных штормом, варьировалось от 59 до 101 мг/г, в то время как в свежесобранных водорослях было статистически достоверно выше (р &lt; 0.01) и варьировалось от 71 до 135 мг/г. Максимальное накопление флоротаннинов в A. nodosum наблюдалось в период с июля по август, после чего наблюдалось снижение.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные в ходе данного исследования результаты могут быть применены для регулярного анализа содержания флоротаннинов в бурых водорослях и водорослях, извлеченных из штормовых отходов. Это возможно благодаря оптимизированному спектрофотометрическому методу с использованием реактива Фолина – Чокальтеу, который основывается на применении доступного и недорогого оборудования, имеющегося в большинстве лабораторий, что обеспечивает оперативность анализа. Данная методология соответствует требованиям фармацевтического анализа, обеспечивая надежность результатов при разработке лекарственных препаратов и рутинном контроле как свежего, так и штормовых выбросов A. nodosum.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Phlorotannins are secondary metabolites produced mainly by brown seaweeds and belong to the class of polyphenolic compounds with diverse bioactivities. Storm-cast brown algae, a problem for coastal biocenoses, may be a valuable source of polyphenols. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) is the most commonly used for the quantification of total polyphenols in natural samples. Different spectrophotometric methods with FCR for the determination of phlorotannins in algae have been described in the literature.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The primary aim of this study is to standardize and validate the spec-trophotometric determination of total phlorotannins using FCR and demonstrate its applicability to analysis of storm-cast and fresh algae.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A. nodosum samples were collected in sheltered beach on the Olenitsa Bay (66°27'15.7"N 35°18'20.4" E), Kandalaksha Gulf (White Sea, Russia) on two tidal levels: one located at low tide at a depth of 0.6–1.0 m (fresh) and the second was located at the supralittoral in the zone of wave splashing (storm-cast). Field sampling was carried out between June and September. The cleaned seaweed were transported to the laboratory, washed accu-rately with clean water, freeze-dried, ground into powder. Functional groups present in the algae were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric determination of total phlorotannins content (TPhC) with FCR was used and validated according to national and international guidelines.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The optimum conditions for analysis time, wave-length, and standard substance were 45 min, 750 nm, and phloroglucinol, respec-tively. Under these conditions, validation by UV/Vis spectrophotometry proved the method to be linear (R2 &gt; 0.99), specific, precise, accurate, reproducible, robust, and easy to perform. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. For precision analysis, an intra-day test (RSD 2.16 %) and an inter-day test (RSD 2.84 %) were performed. Matrix effect assessment demonstrated that this had a negligible effect (1.9 %) on the phlorotannins quantification. TPhC in storm-cast algae ranged from 59 to 101 mg/g, while freshly collected algae were statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) and ranged from 71 to 135 mg/g. Maximum accumulation of phlorotannins in A. nodosum was observed between July and August, after which a decrease was observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Results of current study could be utilised for routine analysis of TPhC in brown algae and storm-cast seaweed using optimized spectrophotometric method with FCR on readily available low-cost equipment in most laboratories to provide rapid. This methodology complies with the requirements for pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the reliability of results during pharmaceutical development and routine control both in fresh and storm-cast of A. nodosum.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бурые водоросли</kwd><kwd>штормовые выбросы</kwd><kwd>оптимизация методологии</kwd><kwd>общие флоротаннины</kwd><kwd>УФ-видимая спектрофотометрия</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>метод Фолина – Чокальтеу</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Brown algae</kwd><kwd>storm-cast</kwd><kwd>methodology optimization</kwd><kwd>total phlorotannins</kwd><kwd>UV/Vis spectrophotometric</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>Folin-Ciocalteu</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд, грант № 25-24-20166 (https://rscf.ru/project/25-24-20166), и Министерство образования и науки Мурманской области, соглашение № 30-2025-001243 (государственный регистрационный номер 124013000732-7), финансировали данное исследование.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Foundation, grant No. 25-24-20166 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-24-20166) and Ministry of Education and Science of the Murmansk Region, Agreement No. 30-2025-001243 (State registration № 124013000732-7), funded this research.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng H., Zhao Y., Guo L. 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