<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-2-2259</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическое моделирование фармакокинетики парентеральных лекарственных препаратов пролонгированного высвобождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical pharmacokinetics modeling of parenteral depot formulations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4885-5165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазалиева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazalieva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115409, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>31, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-5036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115409, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>31, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3128-8025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайменов</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaimenov</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115409, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>31, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4636-0978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047, г. Москва, Миусская площадь, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9, Miusskaya ploshchad', Moscow, 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46, стр. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46/8, Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgbalakin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-5813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46, стр. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46/8, Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ» (НИЯУ МИФИ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д. И. Менделеева» (РХТУ им. Д. И. Менделеева; ФГБОУ ВО РХТУ им. Д. И. Менделеева; РХТУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (MUCTR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А. И. Бурназяна» (ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А. И. Бурназяна ФМБА России)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC – FMBC of FMBA Russia)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>2337</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муртазалиева Л.А., Савченко А.Ю., Хайменов А.Я., Павлов А.С., Балакин И.Е., Пустовойт В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муртазалиева Л.А., Савченко А.Ю., Хайменов А.Я., Павлов А.С., Балакин И.Е., Пустовойт В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Murtazalieva L.A., Savchenko A.Y., Khaimenov A.Y., Pavlov A.S., Balakin E.I., Pustovoit V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2337">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2337</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Разработка парентеральных депо-форм лекарственных препаратов с модифицированным высвобождением действующего вещества является критически важным направлением в терапии хронических заболеваний, таких как онкология, шизофрения и сахарный диабет. Эти формы обеспечивают повышенную приверженность лечению, поддержание стабильной концентрации в плазме крови и снижение частоты инъекций. Однако их создание сопряжено с технологическими и фармакокинетическими сложностями, включая нелинейное высвобождение действующего вещества и высокую межиндивидуальную вариабельность.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематический анализ и обобщение современных методологических подходов к математическому моделированию фармакокинетики парентеральных лекарственных препаратов с пролонгированным высвобождением.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен целенаправленный поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и Scopus за период 2015–2025 гг. с использованием булевых операторов и сочетаний ключевых слов. В обзор включены данные по клинически применяемым пролонгированным парентеральным формам, а также по полимерным носителям (PLGA, гидрогели, in situ гели, гибридные системы). Для иллюстрации инструментальных подходов рассмотрены компартментные ФК-модели, PBPK-модели и модели на основе методов машинного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Обобщены характерные особенности фармакокинетических профилей парентеральных депо-форм, включающие фазы начального выброса, задержки, контролируемого высвобождения и позднего угасания, а также их взаимосвязь с физико-химическими свойствами носителя и лекарственного вещества. Показана связь вариабельности профиля с сочетанием технологических параметров (размер частиц, состав и архитектура полимера), места и способа введения, а также индивидуальными характеристиками пациента. Продемонстрированы возможности нелинейных смешанных эффектов, PBPK-подхода и моделей, основанных на машинном обучении, для описания меж- и внутрисубъектной вариабельности, проведения симуляций режимов дозирования и in silico оптимизации разработок. Сформулирована базовая система обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений (ОДУ), отражающая последовательное высвобождение из разных фракций депо и последующее распределение и элиминацию препарата.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Математическое моделирование фармакокинетики парентеральных пролонгированных форм является ключевым инструментом концепции MIDD (Model-Informed Drug Development), позволяющим интегрировать механистические знания о высвобождении, абсорбции и распределении с клиническими данными. Предложенная базовая структура ОДУ-модели могут служить методологическим каркасом для разработки и адаптации моделей к конкретным препаратам, что способствует оптимизации состава лекарственной формы, режимов дозирования и сокращению объема дорогостоящих in vivo исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of parenteral depot formulations of drugs with modified release is a critical area in the treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia, and diabetes. These formulations improve treatment adherence, maintain stable plasma concentrations, and reduce the frequency of injections. However, their development is fraught with technological and pharmacokinetic challenges, including nonlinear release of the active ingredient and high interindividual variability.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To systematically analyze and summarize current methodological approaches to mathematical modeling of the pharmacokinetics of parenteral long-acting drug formulations.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the period 2015–2025 using Boolean operators and combinations of relevant keywords. The review includes data on clinically used long-acting parenteral formulations as well as on polymeric carriers (PLGA, hydrogels, in situ gels, and hybrid systems). To illustrate instrumental approaches, we consider compartmental PK models, PBPK models, and models based on machine learning methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The characteristic features of pharmacokinetic profiles of parenteral depot formulations are summarized, including the phases of initial burst, lag phase, controlled release, and late decay, as well as their relationship with the physicochemical properties of the carrier and the drug substance. The variability of the profile is shown to be associated with a combination of technological parameters (particle size, polymer composition and architecture), injection site and route of administration, and individual patient characteristics. The capabilities of nonlinear mixed-effects models, PBPK approaches, and machine learning-based models are demonstrated for describing inter- and intraindividual variability, performing simulations of dosing regimens, and supporting in silico optimization of formulation development. A basic system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is proposed that reflects sequential release from different depot fractions followed by distribution and elimination of the drug.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pharmacokinetic modeling of parenteral long-acting formulations is a key instrument within the MIDD (Model-Informed Drug Development) concept, enabling integration of mechanistic knowledge on release, absorption, and distribution with clinical data. The proposed basic ODE model structure can serve as a methodological framework for developing and adapting models for specific drug products, thereby supporting optimization of formulation composition and dosing regimens and reducing the extent of costly in vivo studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парентеральные формы модифицированного высвобождения</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>механизмы высвобождения</kwd><kwd>PK-моделирование</kwd><kwd>вариабельность абсорбции</kwd><kwd>математические модели депо-форм</kwd><kwd>разработка лекарственных препаратов на основе моделирования (MIDD)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long-acting injectable formulations</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetic modeling</kwd><kwd>drug release mechanisms</kwd><kwd>PK modeling</kwd><kwd>absorption variability</kwd><kwd>depot mathematical models</kwd><kwd>model-informed drug development (MIDD)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castiñeiras-Pardines A., López-Ginés G., García-Orueta G., Trocóniz I. F. Development and evaluation of a model characterizing the release characteristics of a new letrozole long-acting injectable formulation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025;209:107103. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castiñeiras-Pardines A., López-Ginés G., García-Orueta G., Trocóniz I. F. Development and evaluation of a model characterizing the release characteristics of a new letrozole long-acting injectable formulation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025;209:107103. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Aquino A. I., Dong C., Nguyen L. T., Yan J., Jons C. K., Saouaf O. M., Song Y. E., Eckman N., Kapasi S., Williams C. M., Doulames V. M., Sen S., Manna M. K., Alakesh A., Lu K., Hall I., Appel E. A. Long-acting hydrogel-based depot formulations of tirzepatide and semaglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes and weight. bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology. 2025;2025:662867. DOI: 10.1101/2025.07.02.662867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Aquino A. I., Dong C., Nguyen L. T., Yan J., Jons C. K., Saouaf O. M., Song Y. E., Eckman N., Kapasi S., Williams C. M., Doulames V. M., Sen S., Manna M. K., Alakesh A., Lu K., Hall I., Appel E. A. Long-acting hydrogel-based depot formulations of tirzepatide and semaglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes and weight. bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology. 2025;2025:662867. DOI: 10.1101/2025.07.02.662867.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghanchi F., Bourne R., Downes S. M., Gale R., Rennie C., Tapply I., Sivaprasad S. An update on long-acting therapies in chronic sight-threatening eye diseases of the posterior segment: AMD, DMO, RVO, uveitis and glaucoma. Eye. 2022;36(6):1154–1167. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01766-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghanchi F., Bourne R., Downes S. M., Gale R., Rennie C., Tapply I., Sivaprasad S. An update on long-acting therapies in chronic sight-threatening eye diseases of the posterior segment: AMD, DMO, RVO, uveitis and glaucoma. Eye. 2022;36(6):1154–1167. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01766-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaby V., Pandey S., Sanogo V., Dhayan Almutairi R., Kanoria Y., Nag S. S. Budget impact of aripiprazole once every 2 months long-acting injectable for adult patients with schizophrenia in the United States. Journal of Managed Care &amp; Specialty Pharmacy. 2025;31(1):53–59. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaby V., Pandey S., Sanogo V., Dhayan Almutairi R., Kanoria Y., Nag S. S. Budget impact of aripiprazole once every 2 months long-acting injectable for adult patients with schizophrenia in the United States. Journal of Managed Care &amp; Specialty Pharmacy. 2025;31(1):53–59. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engelman K. D., Engelman A. N. Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV/AIDS Prophylaxis. Biochemistry. 2021;60(22):1731–40. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engelman K. D., Engelman A. N. Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV/AIDS Prophylaxis. Biochemistry. 2021;60(22):1731–40. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LeVasseur N., Manna M., Jerzak K. J. An Overview of Long-Acting GnRH Agonists in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: Survivorship Challenges and Management. Current Oncology. 2024;31(8):4209–4224. DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31080314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LeVasseur N., Manna M., Jerzak K. J. An Overview of Long-Acting GnRH Agonists in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: Survivorship Challenges and Management. Current Oncology. 2024;31(8):4209–4224. DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31080314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boguszewski C. L., Korbonits M., Artignan A., García A. M., Houchard A., Ribeiro-Oliveira A., de Herder W. W. Evaluating home injection compared with healthcare-setting injection of somatostatin analogs: a systematic literature review. Endocrine. 2023;79(3):527–536. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03227-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boguszewski C. L., Korbonits M., Artignan A., García A. M., Houchard A., Ribeiro-Oliveira A., de Herder W. W. Evaluating home injection compared with healthcare-setting injection of somatostatin analogs: a systematic literature review. Endocrine. 2023;79(3):527–536. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03227-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pampanini V., Deodati A., Inzaghi E., Cianfarani S. Long-Acting Growth Hormone Preparations and Their Use in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2023;96(6):553–559. DOI: 10.1159/000523791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pampanini V., Deodati A., Inzaghi E., Cianfarani S. Long-Acting Growth Hormone Preparations and Their Use in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2023;96(6):553–559. DOI: 10.1159/000523791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aymerich C., Salazar de Pablo G., Pacho M., Pérez-Rodríguez V., Bilbao A., Andrés L., Pedruzo B., Castillo-Sintes I., Aranguren N., Fusar-Poli P., Zorrilla I., González-Pinto A., González-Torres M. Á., Catalán A. All-cause mortality risk in long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry. 2025;30(1):263–271. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02694-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aymerich C., Salazar de Pablo G., Pacho M., Pérez-Rodríguez V., Bilbao A., Andrés L., Pedruzo B., Castillo-Sintes I., Aranguren N., Fusar-Poli P., Zorrilla I., González-Pinto A., González-Torres M. Á., Catalán A. All-cause mortality risk in long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry. 2025;30(1):263–271. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02694-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao Z., Kim J., Le Devedec F., Clasky A., Allen C. Polymer microparticles in an evolving drug delivery landscape: challenges and the role of machine learning. Inter- national Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2025;682:125906. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao Z., Kim J., Le Devedec F., Clasky A., Allen C. Polymer microparticles in an evolving drug delivery landscape: challenges and the role of machine learning. Inter- national Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2025;682:125906. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nkanga C. I., Fisch A., Rad-Malekshahi M., Romic M. D., Kittel B., Ullrich T., Wang J., Krause R. W. M., Adler S., Lammers T., Hennink W. E., Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2020;167:19–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nkanga C. I., Fisch A., Rad-Malekshahi M., Romic M. D., Kittel B., Ullrich T., Wang J., Krause R. W. M., Adler S., Lammers T., Hennink W. E., Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2020;167:19–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomeni R., Bressolle-Gomeni F. Convolution-based approach for modeling the paliperidone extended release and Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) PK of once-, and three-monthly products administration and for optimizing the development of new LAI products. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2023;50(2):89–96. DOI: 10.1007/s10928-022-09835-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomeni R., Bressolle-Gomeni F. Convolution-based approach for modeling the paliperidone extended release and Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) PK of once-, and three-monthly products administration and for optimizing the development of new LAI products. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2023;50(2):89–96. DOI: 10.1007/s10928-022-09835-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Djuris J., Cvijic S., Djekic L. Model-Informed Drug Development: In Silico Assessment of Drug Bioperformance following Oral and Percutaneous Administration. Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(2):177. DOI: 10.3390/ph17020177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Djuris J., Cvijic S., Djekic L. Model-Informed Drug Development: In Silico Assessment of Drug Bioperformance following Oral and Percutaneous Administration. Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(2):177. DOI: 10.3390/ph17020177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumortier T., Valenzuela G., Churchill M., Mijatovic J., Bruin G., Pricop L., Richards H., Renard D., Singhal A., Marathe A. Model-Informed Drug Development-Based Bridging from Subcutaneous to Intravenous Secukinumab Dosing: Approval in Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2025;118(2):480–488. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumortier T., Valenzuela G., Churchill M., Mijatovic J., Bruin G., Pricop L., Richards H., Renard D., Singhal A., Marathe A. Model-Informed Drug Development-Based Bridging from Subcutaneous to Intravenous Secukinumab Dosing: Approval in Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2025;118(2):480–488. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Z., Zhao N., Zhao X., Wang Z., Liu Z., Cui Y. Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of novel drugs approved by the U.S. food and drug administration. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024;200:106838. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106838.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Z., Zhao N., Zhao X., Wang Z., Liu Z., Cui Y. Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of novel drugs approved by the U.S. food and drug administration. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024;200:106838. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106838.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Losada I. B., Terranova N. Bridging pharmacology and neural networks: A deep dive into neural ordinary differential equations. CPT: pharmacometrics &amp; systems pharmacology. 2024;13(8):1289–1296. DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Losada I. B., Terranova N. Bridging pharmacology and neural networks: A deep dive into neural ordinary differential equations. CPT: pharmacometrics &amp; systems pharmacology. 2024;13(8):1289–1296. DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang D., Li J., Mak W. Y., Zheng A., Zhu X., He Q., Wang Y., Xiang X. PBPK Modeling: Empowering Drug Development and Precision Dosing in China. CPT: pharmacometrics &amp; systems pharmacology. 2025;14(5):828–839. DOI: 10.1002/psp4.70004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang D., Li J., Mak W. Y., Zheng A., Zhu X., He Q., Wang Y., Xiang X. PBPK Modeling: Empowering Drug Development and Precision Dosing in China. CPT: pharmacometrics &amp; systems pharmacology. 2025;14(5):828–839. DOI: 10.1002/psp4.70004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glatard A., Friberg-Hietala S., Keutzer L., Hansson A., Johnsson M., Tiberg F. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Octreotide Depot (CAM2029) in the Treatment of Acromegaly. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2025;64(7):1079–1092. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-025-01522-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glatard A., Friberg-Hietala S., Keutzer L., Hansson A., Johnsson M., Tiberg F. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Octreotide Depot (CAM2029) in the Treatment of Acromegaly. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2025;64(7):1079–1092. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-025-01522-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park S., Kim D.-H., Kim Y., Park J. H., Lee M., Song I.-S., Shim C.-K. Comparative in vitro release and clinical pharmacokinetics of leuprolide from Luphere 3M Depot, a 3-month release formulation of leuprolide acetate. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2017;43(3):441–447. DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1258409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park S., Kim D.-H., Kim Y., Park J. H., Lee M., Song I.-S., Shim C.-K. Comparative in vitro release and clinical pharmacokinetics of leuprolide from Luphere 3M Depot, a 3-month release formulation of leuprolide acetate. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2017;43(3):441–447. DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1258409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shore N. D., Guerrero S., Sanahuja R. M., Gambús G., Parente A. A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer. Clinical Therapeutics. 2019;41(3):412–425. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shore N. D., Guerrero S., Sanahuja R. M., Gambús G., Parente A. A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer. Clinical Therapeutics. 2019;41(3):412–425. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T., Zhang C., Zhong W., Yang X., Wang A., Liang R. Modification of Three-Phase Drug Release Mode of Octreotide PLGA Microspheres by Microsphere-Gel Composite System. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(6):228. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1438-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T., Zhang C., Zhong W., Yang X., Wang A., Liang R. Modification of Three-Phase Drug Release Mode of Octreotide PLGA Microspheres by Microsphere-Gel Composite System. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(6):228. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1438-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong H., Wang J., Zhang J., Wu J., Zheng Z., Xie X., Kaplan D. L., Li G., Wang X. Control of octreotide release from silk fibroin microspheres. Materials Science &amp; Engineering C. 2019;102:820–828. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong H., Wang J., Zhang J., Wu J., Zheng Z., Xie X., Kaplan D. L., Li G., Wang X. Control of octreotide release from silk fibroin microspheres. Materials Science &amp; Engineering C. 2019;102:820–828. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao D., Chen P., Hao Y., Dong J., Dai Y., Lu Q., Zhang X., Liu C. W. Long-acting injectable in situ gel of rasagiline: a patented product development. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2023;13(4):1012–1021. DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01261-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D., Chen P., Hao Y., Dong J., Dai Y., Lu Q., Zhang X., Liu C. W. Long-acting injectable in situ gel of rasagiline: a patented product development. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2023;13(4):1012–1021. DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01261-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu G., Zhou F., Wang H., Liu K., Yu D., Fan L., Han Y., Ai X., Cao Y., Wang X., Wang S., He C., Wu J., Wu J., Wang Y., Wang Y., Jin B., Shentu J. Effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of triptorelin acetate microspheres in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology. 2024;16:17588359241307818. DOI: 10.1177/17588359241307818.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu G., Zhou F., Wang H., Liu K., Yu D., Fan L., Han Y., Ai X., Cao Y., Wang X., Wang S., He C., Wu J., Wu J., Wang Y., Wang Y., Jin B., Shentu J. Effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of triptorelin acetate microspheres in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology. 2024;16:17588359241307818. DOI: 10.1177/17588359241307818.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsakiridou G., Angelerou M.-F.-G., Efentakis P., Margaritis A., Papanastasiou A.-M., Kalantzi L. Partial AUCs in Long-Acting Injectables: Rationale, Challenges, Variability, Usefulness, and Clinical Relevance. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(1):21. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsakiridou G., Angelerou M.-F.-G., Efentakis P., Margaritis A., Papanastasiou A.-M., Kalantzi L. Partial AUCs in Long-Acting Injectables: Rationale, Challenges, Variability, Usefulness, and Clinical Relevance. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(1):21. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed D., Puthussery H., Basnett P., Knowles J. C., Lange S., Roy I. Controlled Delivery of Pan-PAD-Inhibitor Cl-Amidine Using Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Microspheres. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(23):12852. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312852.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed D., Puthussery H., Basnett P., Knowles J. C., Lange S., Roy I. Controlled Delivery of Pan-PAD-Inhibitor Cl-Amidine Using Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Microspheres. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(23):12852. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312852.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassand C., Verin J., Lamatsch M., Siepmann F., Siepmann J. How agarose gels surrounding PLGA implants limit swelling and slow down drug release. Journal of Controlled Release: Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2022;343:255–266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassand C., Verin J., Lamatsch M., Siepmann F., Siepmann J. How agarose gels surrounding PLGA implants limit swelling and slow down drug release. Journal of Controlled Release: Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2022;343:255–266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joiner J. B., Prasher A., Young I. C., Kim J., Shrivastava R., Maturavongsadit P., Benhabbour S. R. Effects of Drug Physicochemical Properties on In-Situ Forming Implant Polymer Degradation and Drug Release Kinetics. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(6):1188. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joiner J. B., Prasher A., Young I. C., Kim J., Shrivastava R., Maturavongsadit P., Benhabbour S. R. Effects of Drug Physicochemical Properties on In-Situ Forming Implant Polymer Degradation and Drug Release Kinetics. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(6):1188. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardoso M. M., Peça I. N., Bicho A. Impact of PEG Content on Doxorubicin Release from PLGA-co-PEG Nanoparticles. Materials. 2024;17(14):3544. DOI: 10.3390/ma17143544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardoso M. M., Peça I. N., Bicho A. Impact of PEG Content on Doxorubicin Release from PLGA-co-PEG Nanoparticles. Materials. 2024;17(14):3544. DOI: 10.3390/ma17143544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michaelides K., Al Tahan M. A., Zhou Y., Trindade G. F., Cant D. J. H., Pei Y., Dulal P., Al-Khattawi A. New Insights on the Burst Release Kinetics of Spray-Dried PLGA Microspheres. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2024;21(12):6245–6256. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michaelides K., Al Tahan M. A., Zhou Y., Trindade G. F., Cant D. J. H., Pei Y., Dulal P., Al-Khattawi A. New Insights on the Burst Release Kinetics of Spray-Dried PLGA Microspheres. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2024;21(12):6245–6256. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassand C., Siepmann F., Benabed L., Verin J., Freitag J., Charlon S., Soulestin J., Siepmann J. 3D printed PLGA implants: How the filling density affects drug release. Journal of Controlled Release. 2023;363:1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassand C., Siepmann F., Benabed L., Verin J., Freitag J., Charlon S., Soulestin J., Siepmann J. 3D printed PLGA implants: How the filling density affects drug release. Journal of Controlled Release. 2023;363:1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soomherun N., Kreua-Ongarjnukool N., Niyomthai S. T., Chumnanvej S. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized via Lipid-Based Surface Engineering for a robust drug delivery platform. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2024;237:113858. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soomherun N., Kreua-Ongarjnukool N., Niyomthai S. T., Chumnanvej S. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized via Lipid-Based Surface Engineering for a robust drug delivery platform. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2024;237:113858. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lagreca E., Onesto V., Di Natale C., La Manna S., Netti P. A., Vecchione R. Recent advances in the formulation of PLGA microparticles for controlled drug delivery. Progress in Biomaterials. 2020;9(4):153–174. DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00139-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lagreca E., Onesto V., Di Natale C., La Manna S., Netti P. A., Vecchione R. Recent advances in the formulation of PLGA microparticles for controlled drug delivery. Progress in Biomaterials. 2020;9(4):153–174. DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00139-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borrelli M. A., Warunek J. J. P., Ravikumar T., Balmert S. C., Little S. R. End group chemistry modulates physical properties and biomolecule release from biodegradable polyesters. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2025;13(34):10621–10634. DOI: 10.1039/d5tb00816f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borrelli M. A., Warunek J. J. P., Ravikumar T., Balmert S. C., Little S. R. End group chemistry modulates physical properties and biomolecule release from biodegradable polyesters. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2025;13(34):10621–10634. DOI: 10.1039/d5tb00816f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehner E., Trutschel M.-L., Menzel M., Jacobs J., Kunert J., Scheffler J., Binder W. H., Schmelzer C. E. H., Plontke S. K., Liebau A., Mäder K. Enhancing drug release from PEG-PLGA implants: The role of Hydrophilic Dexamethasone Phosphate in modulating release kinetics and degradation behavior. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025;209:107067. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehner E., Trutschel M.-L., Menzel M., Jacobs J., Kunert J., Scheffler J., Binder W. H., Schmelzer C. E. H., Plontke S. K., Liebau A., Mäder K. Enhancing drug release from PEG-PLGA implants: The role of Hydrophilic Dexamethasone Phosphate in modulating release kinetics and degradation behavior. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025;209:107067. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Zhang J., Li H., Zhang H., Meng H. Research progress on biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2025;13:1561708. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1561708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Zhang J., Li H., Zhang H., Meng H. Research progress on biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2025;13:1561708. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1561708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohsin M. E. A., Siddiqa A. J., Mousa S., Shrivastava N. K. Design, Characterization, and Release Kinetics of a Hybrid Hydrogel Drug Delivery System for Sustained Hormone Therapy. Polymers. 2025;17(8):999. DOI: 10.3390/polym17080999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohsin M. E. A., Siddiqa A. J., Mousa S., Shrivastava N. K. Design, Characterization, and Release Kinetics of a Hybrid Hydrogel Drug Delivery System for Sustained Hormone Therapy. Polymers. 2025;17(8):999. DOI: 10.3390/polym17080999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toja-Camba F. J., Vidal-Millares M., Duran-Maseda M. J., Arrojo-Romero M., Puente-Iglesias M., Hermelo-Vidal G., Feitosa-Medeiros C., Fernández-Ferreiro A., Mondelo-García C. Evaluating the Real-World Pharmacokinetics of Risperidone ISM® in Routine Clinical Practice. Biomedicines. 2025;13(2):384. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toja-Camba F. J., Vidal-Millares M., Duran-Maseda M. J., Arrojo-Romero M., Puente-Iglesias M., Hermelo-Vidal G., Feitosa-Medeiros C., Fernández-Ferreiro A., Mondelo-García C. Evaluating the Real-World Pharmacokinetics of Risperidone ISM® in Routine Clinical Practice. Biomedicines. 2025;13(2):384. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tveito M., Smith R. L., Molden E., Haslemo T., Refsum H., Hartberg C., Correll C. U., Høiseth G. Age Impacts Olanzapine Exposure Differently During Use of Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Formulations: An Observational Study Including 8,288 Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018;38(6):570–576. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tveito M., Smith R. L., Molden E., Haslemo T., Refsum H., Hartberg C., Correll C. U., Høiseth G. Age Impacts Olanzapine Exposure Differently During Use of Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Formulations: An Observational Study Including 8,288 Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018;38(6):570–576. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Y., Bigos K. L., Marzinke M. A., Landovitz R. J., McCauley M., Ford S., Hendrix C. W., Bies R. R., Weld E. D. A population pharmacokinetic model based on HPTN 077 of long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV PrEP. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2022;88(10):4623–4632. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Y., Bigos K. L., Marzinke M. A., Landovitz R. J., McCauley M., Ford S., Hendrix C. W., Bies R. R., Weld E. D. A population pharmacokinetic model based on HPTN 077 of long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV PrEP. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2022;88(10):4623–4632. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldelli S., Mauri M. C., Di Pace C., Paletta S., Reggiori A., Rovera C., Clementi E., Cattaneo D. Intraindividual and Interindividual Variability of Olanzapine Trough Concentrations in Patients Treated With the Long-Acting Injectable Formulation. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018;38(4):365–369. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldelli S., Mauri M. C., Di Pace C., Paletta S., Reggiori A., Rovera C., Clementi E., Cattaneo D. Intraindividual and Interindividual Variability of Olanzapine Trough Concentrations in Patients Treated With the Long-Acting Injectable Formulation. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018;38(4):365–369. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng Q., Han Z., Lei Q., Chen B., Yin X., Hu H., Liu H., Zheng Q., Xu L., Huang Q. Optimizing the dosing regimen of aripiprazole microspheres by population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2025;30(4):493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng Q., Han Z., Lei Q., Chen B., Yin X., Hu H., Liu H., Zheng Q., Xu L., Huang Q. Optimizing the dosing regimen of aripiprazole microspheres by population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2025;30(4):493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thoueille P., Saldanha S. A., Schaller F., Choong E., Veuve F., Munting A., Cavassini M., Braun D., Günthard H. F., Duran Ramirez J. J. Surial B., Furrer H., Rauch A., Ustero P., Calmy A., Stöckle M., Di Benedetto C., Bernasconi E., Schmid P., Marzolini C., Girardin F. R., Buclin T., Decosterd L. A., Guidi M. Population pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine following oral administration and long-acting intramuscular injection in real-world people with HIV. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024;15:1437400. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thoueille P., Saldanha S. A., Schaller F., Choong E., Veuve F., Munting A., Cavassini M., Braun D., Günthard H. F., Duran Ramirez J. J. Surial B., Furrer H., Rauch A., Ustero P., Calmy A., Stöckle M., Di Benedetto C., Bernasconi E., Schmid P., Marzolini C., Girardin F. R., Buclin T., Decosterd L. A., Guidi M. Population pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine following oral administration and long-acting intramuscular injection in real-world people with HIV. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024;15:1437400. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siemons M., Schroyen B., Darville N., Goyal N. Role of Modeling and Simulation in Preclinical and Clinical Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development. The AAPS Journal. 2023;25(6):99. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00864-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siemons M., Schroyen B., Darville N., Goyal N. Role of Modeling and Simulation in Preclinical and Clinical Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development. The AAPS Journal. 2023;25(6):99. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00864-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapralos I., Dokoumetzidis A. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of the complex release kinetics of octreotide LAR: defining sub-populations by cluster analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(10):1578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapralos I., Dokoumetzidis A. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of the complex release kinetics of octreotide LAR: defining sub-populations by cluster analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(10):1578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dadgar Pakdel F., Dadgar Pakdel J., Najmeddin A., Peirovi A., Nicknam M. H., Dorkoosh F. A. A Novel Controlled Release Implant of Insulin Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Polymer Prepared by Extrusion. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024;21(5):483–488. DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.10663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadgar Pakdel F., Dadgar Pakdel J., Najmeddin A., Peirovi A., Nicknam M. H., Dorkoosh F. A. A Novel Controlled Release Implant of Insulin Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Polymer Prepared by Extrusion. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024;21(5):483–488. DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.10663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cirincione B., Edwards J., Mager D. E. Population Pharmacokinetics of an Extended-Release Formulation of Exenatide Following Single- and Multiple-Dose Administration. The AAPS Journal. 2017;19(2):487–496. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9975-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cirincione B., Edwards J., Mager D. E. Population Pharmacokinetics of an Extended-Release Formulation of Exenatide Following Single- and Multiple-Dose Administration. The AAPS Journal. 2017;19(2):487–496. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9975-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapralos I., Dokoumetzidis A. Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of the Complex Release Kinetics of Octreotide LAR: Defining Sub-Populations by Cluster Analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(10):1578. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapralos I., Dokoumetzidis A. Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of the Complex Release Kinetics of Octreotide LAR: Defining Sub-Populations by Cluster Analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(10):1578. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim C. N., Salem A. H. A semi-mechanistic integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of the testosterone effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide in prostate cancer patients. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2015;54(9):963–973. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0251-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim C. N., Salem A. H. A semi-mechanistic integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of the testosterone effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide in prostate cancer patients. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2015;54(9):963–973. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0251-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller F. O., Terblanchè J., Schall R., van Zyl Smit R., Tucker T., Marais K., Groenewoud G., Porchet H. C., Weiner M., Hawarden D. Pharmacokinetics of triptorelin after intravenous bolus administration in healthy males and in males with renal or hepatic insufficiency. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1997;44(4):335–341. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.t01-1-00592.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller F. O., Terblanchè J., Schall R., van Zyl Smit R., Tucker T., Marais K., Groenewoud G., Porchet H. C., Weiner M., Hawarden D. Pharmacokinetics of triptorelin after intravenous bolus administration in healthy males and in males with renal or hepatic insufficiency. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1997;44(4):335–341. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.t01-1-00592.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romero E., Vélez de Mendizabal N., Cendrós J.-M., Peraire C., Bascompta E., Obach R., Trocóniz I. F. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of the testosterone effects of triptorelin administered in sustained release formulations in patients with prostate cancer. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2012;342(3):788–798. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romero E., Vélez de Mendizabal N., Cendrós J.-M., Peraire C., Bascompta E., Obach R., Trocóniz I. F. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of the testosterone effects of triptorelin administered in sustained release formulations in patients with prostate cancer. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2012;342(3):788–798. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glatard A., Friberg-Hietala S., Keutzer L., Hansson A., Johnsson M., Tiberg F. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Octreotide Depot (CAM2029) in the Treatment of Acromegaly. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2025;64(7):1079–1092. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-025-01522-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glatard A., Friberg-Hietala S., Keutzer L., Hansson A., Johnsson M., Tiberg F. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Octreotide Depot (CAM2029) in the Treatment of Acromegaly. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2025;64(7):1079–1092. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-025-01522-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snelder N., Drenth H.-J., Riber Bergmann K., Wood N. D., Hibberd M., Scott G. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the relationship between testosterone and prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer during treatment with leuprorelin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2019;85(6):1247–1259. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13891.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snelder N., Drenth H.-J., Riber Bergmann K., Wood N. D., Hibberd M., Scott G. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the relationship between testosterone and prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer during treatment with leuprorelin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2019;85(6):1247–1259. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13891.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
