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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-3-2365</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2411</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы изучения кинетики высвобождения лекарственных средств из имплантатов, формируемых in situ (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of studying drug release kinetics from in situ forming implants (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4870-6232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8522-2456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белявский</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyavskiy</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-0346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахрушина</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhrushina</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakhrushina_e_o@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>2411</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сахарова П.С., Белявский Н.О., Бахрушина Е.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сахарова П.С., Белявский Н.О., Бахрушина Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakharova P.S., Belyavskiy N.O., Bakhrushina E.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2411">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2411</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Имплантаты, формируемые in situ (in situ forming implants, ISFI), представляют собой жидкие лекарственные формы (ЛФ), образующие твердую полимерную матрицу непосредственно в месте введения в ответ на физиологические стимулы. Данные системы обеспечивают длительное локализованное высвобождение активных фармацевтических субстанций (АФС), что делает их перспективными для терапии различных заболеваний. Ключевой проблемой их фармацевтической разработки является отсутствие надежных прогностических моделей, связывающих in-vitro-кинетику с поведением in vivo.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. В данном обзоре представлен систематический и критический анализ существующих методов in vitro для оценки высвобождения лекарственных средств из ISFI, подходов к выбору биорелевантных сред, математического моделирования, а также обоснованы основные направления для установления корреляции in vitro – in vivo (IVIVC). Были рассмотрены основные группы методов изучения высвобождения, такие как тест «Растворение» с использованием различных аппаратов, диализные методы и метод проб и разделения, а также более современные подходы, включая метод замены среды и диффузию в агарозной матрице. Показано, что выбор биорелевантной среды растворения, учитывающей специфику микроокружения в месте имплантации (синовиальная, гингивальная, интерстициальная, слезная жидкость, опухолевое микроокружение), является критически важным фактором для получения прогностически ценных данных. Проанализированы возможности классических (нулевого и первого порядка, Хигучи, Корсмайера – Пеппаса) и механистических математических моделей для описания сложной кинетики высвобождения, определяемой взаимосвязанными процессами диффузии, набухания и деградации полимерной матрицы. Центральное место занимает анализ прецедентов установления IVIVC для ISFI, от первой линейной корреляции до впервые в мире успешно разработанной и валидированной корреляции уровня А.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установление IVIVC для ISFI не является принципиально невозможным, но требует системного инжиниринга методов in vitro с акцентом на биомиметическую настройку геометрических параметров и состава среды. Ключевыми направлениями будущих исследований являются создание интегрированных тест-систем, включение в протоколы биологических факторов и применение методов неинвазивного мониторинга.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In situ forming implants (ISFIs) are liquid drug delivery systems that form a solid polymer matrix directly at the injection site in response to physiological stimuli. These systems provide prolonged localized release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), making them promising for the treatment of various diseases. A key challenge in their pharmaceutical development is the lack of reliable predictive models linking in vitro release kinetics with in vivo performance.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. This review provides a systematic and critical analysis of existing in vitro methods for assessing drug release from ISFIs, approaches to selecting biorelevant media, mathematical modeling, and substantiates the main directions for establishing in vitro – in vivo correlation (IVIVC). The main groups of release testing methods, such as the Dissolution test using various apparatuses, dialysis methods, and the sample-and-separate method, as well as more modern approaches including the medium replacement method and diffusion in an agarose matrix, are considered. It is shown that the choice of a biorelevant dissolution medium, considering the specifics of the microenvironment at the implantation site (synovial, gingival, interstitial, tear fluid, tumor microenvironment), is a critically important factor for obtaining prognostically valuable data. The capabilities of classical (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer – Peppas) and mechanistic mathematical models for describing the complex release kinetics, determined by the interrelated processes of diffusion, swelling, and degradation of the polymer matrix, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of precedents for establishing IVIVC for ISFIs, from the first linear correlation to the world's first successfully developed and validated Level A correlation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Establishing IVIVC for ISFIs is not fundamentally impossible but requires systematic engineering of in vitro methods with an emphasis on biomimetic adjustment of geometric parameters and medium composition. The key directions for future research are the creation of integrated test systems, the incorporation of biological factors into protocols, and the application of non-invasive monitoring techniques.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>in-situ-имплантаты</kwd><kwd>PLGA</kwd><kwd>кинетика высвобождения</kwd><kwd>тест «Растворение»</kwd><kwd>биорелевантные среды</kwd><kwd>корреляция in vitro – in vivo</kwd><kwd>IVIVC</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>in situ forming implants</kwd><kwd>PLGA</kwd><kwd>drug release kinetics</kwd><kwd>dissolution test</kwd><kwd>biorelevant media</kwd><kwd>in vitro – in vivo correlation</kwd><kwd>IVIVC</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сахарова П. С., Бахрушина Е. О., Краснюк И. И. 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