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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-3-2402</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технология OROS как инженерный подход к контролируемому высвобождению лекарственных веществ (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OROS technology as an engineering approach to controlled drug release (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1243-5749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гадаев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadaev</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gadayev.mpharmchem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-6207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-407X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А;</p><p>Институт химии, кафедра лазерной химии и лазерного материаловедения, 198504, г. Санкт-Петербург, г. Петергоф, Университетский проспект, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022;</p><p>Institute of Chemistry, Department of Laser Chemistry and Laser Materials Science, 26, Universitetskiy prospekt, Petergof, Saint Petersburg, 198504</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России); Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU); Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гадаев М.Ю., Марченко А.Л., Панов М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гадаев М.Ю., Марченко А.Л., Панов М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gadaev M.Y., Marchenko A.L., Panov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2442">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2442</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Разработка пероральных лекарственных форм с контролируемым высвобождением остается одним из значимых направлений современной фармацевтической технологии. Такие системы позволяют уменьшать колебания концентрации лекарственного вещества в плазме крови, снижать частоту приема и повышать удобство длительной терапии. Среди платформ модифицированного высвобождения особое место занимают осмотические системы доставки, в которых высвобождение активного фармацевтического ингредиента (АФИ) определяется не только его физико-химическими свойствами, но и заранее заданными конструктивными параметрами лекарственной формы. К таким параметрам относятся состав ядра, величина осмотического градиента, свойства полупроницаемой мембраны, наличие и размер выходного отверстия, характеристики выталкивающего слоя и т.д.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. Целью настоящего обзора является анализ технологии OROS как инженерной платформы контролируемого высвобождения с рассмотрением основных конструктивных типов осмотических систем, механизмов их функционирования, критических факторов разработки и технологических ограничений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ литературных и патентных данных показывает, что OROS остается актуальным направлением разработки лекарственных форм с модифицированным высвобождением благодаря возможности программируемого и воспроизводимого высвобождения лекарственного вещества. Наибольшее практическое значение имеют такие платформы, как элементарный осмотический насос, двухслойная осмотическая система и осмотическая система с контролируемой пористостью, поскольку эти системы позволяют решать разные технологические задачи: доставку растворимых веществ, высвобождение малорастворимых активных фармацевтических ингредиентов и формирование микропористого пути высвобождения без отдельной стадии лазерной перфорации. Вместе с тем OROS-системы требуют точного фармацевтического дизайна, контроля критических параметров качества и специализированного оборудования, что ограничивает их широкое внедрение, но сохраняет высокий интерес к данной технологии при создании современных препаратов пролонгированного действия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of oral dosage forms with controlled release remains an important area of modern pharmaceutical technology. Such systems can reduce fluctuations in plasma drug concentration, decrease dosing frequency, and improve the convenience of long-term therapy. Among modified-release platforms, osmotic drug delivery systems are of particular interest because the release of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is governed not only by its physicochemical properties but also by predefined engineering parameters of the dosage form. These parameters include the core composition, osmotic gradient, semipermeable membrane properties, the presence and size of the delivery orifice, and the characteristics of the push layer, etc.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. This review aims to analyze OROS technology as an engineering platform for controlled drug release, with consideration of the main structural types of osmotic systems, their mechanisms of action, critical formulation factors, and technological limitations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of literature and patent data shows that OROS remains a relevant approach to the development of modified-release dosage forms owing to its ability to provide programmable and reproducible drug release. The elementary osmotic pump, push-pull osmotic pump and controlled-porosity osmotic pump are of the greatest practical importance, as these systems address different technological tasks: delivery of soluble drugs, release of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, and formation of a microporous release pathway without a separate laser-drilling step. At the same time, OROS systems require careful pharmaceutical design, control of critical quality attributes, and specialized manufacturing equipment. These factors limit their widespread implementation but maintain strong interest in this technology for the development of modern prolonged-release oral drug products.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осмотические системы доставки</kwd><kwd>пероральные лекарственные формы</kwd><kwd>полупроницаемая мембрана</kwd><kwd>осмотическое давление</kwd><kwd>порообразователи</kwd><kwd>выходное отверстие</kwd><kwd>контролируемое высвобождение</kwd><kwd>фармацевтическая разработка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osmotic drug delivery systems</kwd><kwd>oral dosage forms</kwd><kwd>semipermeable membrane</kwd><kwd>osmotic pressure</kwd><kwd>controlled delivery</kwd><kwd>pore-forming agents</kwd><kwd>delivery orifice</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma R. K., Krishna D. M., Garg S. 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