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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-3-2351</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2449</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительное изучение адгезивных свойств трансдермальных пластырей с транс-ресвератролом методом зондирования липкости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative study of the adhesive properties of transdermal patches with trans-resveratrol using the probe tack test</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimov</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.yakimov@spcpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-7553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ногаева</surname><given-names>У. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nogaeva</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8591-3121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-2853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moustafine</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Флисюк</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Flisyuk</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якимов К.Д., Ногаева У.В., Гордеева Д.С., Мустафин Р.И., Флисюк Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якимов К.Д., Ногаева У.В., Гордеева Д.С., Мустафин Р.И., Флисюк Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakimov K.D., Nogaeva U.V., Gordeeva D.S., Moustafine R.I., Flisyuk E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2449">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2449</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Трансдермальные терапевтические системы (ТТС), в частности трансдермальные пластыри, представляют собой один из наиболее перспективных неинвазивных путей введения лекарственных средств (ЛС) в системный кровоток. Ключевым условием реализации терапевтического потенциала трансдермальных пластырей является поддержание стабильного и равномерного контакта системы с поверхностью кожи на протяжении всего заявленного периода использования за счет оптимальных адгезивных характеристик. Адгезия ТТС представляет собой критический показатель качества (Critical Quality Attributes, CQA), определяющий биодоступность препарата, его безопасность для пациента, и требует объективной оценки, учитывающей биомеханику кожи и особенности эксплуатации в реальных условиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительный анализ адгезивных свойств трансдермальных пластырей с фитоэстрогеном – транс-ресвератролом с использованием метода зондирования липкости.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объекты исследования – образцы матричных пластырей, полученные на базе ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России и содержащие транс-ресвератрол. Адгезию изучали методом зондирования липкости (probe tack test) при помощи анализатора текстуры TA.XTplus с программным обеспечением Exponent Connect. Исследование проводили на базе Института фармации ФГБОУ ВО КГМУ Минздрава России. В качестве препаратов сравнения как положительный контроль использовали трансдермальные пластыри Никоретте® и Евра® (LTS Lohmann Therapy-Systems AG, Германия). Для моделирования кожного покрова человека в работе использовали два типа субстратов: биологический (изолированная свиная кожа) и синтетический (силиконовая кожа). Результаты исследования анализировали стандартными методами статистики в соответствии с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи РФ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Образец пластыря на основе сополимера метакриловой кислоты и этилакрилата в качестве полимера-носителя, выполняющего роль адгезива, продемонстрировал наибольшую липкость, сопоставимую с референтными препаратами. Введение в состав поливинилпирролидона К-17 с целью увеличения высвобождения транс-ресвератрола из матрицы приводило к частичной потере адгезии пластырей и получению нестабильной системы, крайне чувствительной к условиям окружающей среды.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По результатам оценки силы отрыва и работы адгезии установлено, что использование сополимера метакриловой кислоты и этилакрилата для разработки матричных трансдермальных пластырей с транс-ресвератролом является перспективным направлением, позволяющим достичь оптимального сочетания адгезивных характеристик, сопоставимых с референтными препаратами, и показателей высвобождения ДВ из ТТС, рассмотренных в предыдущем исследовании.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Transdermal Therapeutic Systems (TTS), particularly transdermal patches, represent one of the most promising non-invasive routes for delivering drugs into the systemic circulation. A key prerequisite for realizing the therapeutic potential of transdermal patches is the maintenance of stable and uniform contact between the system and the skin surface throughout the intended period of use, achieved through optimal adhesive characteristics. The adhesion of TTS is a critical quality attribute (CQA) that determines drug bioavailability and patient safety, and it requires objective assessment that takes into account skin biomechanics and real-use conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. A comparative analysis of adhesive properties of transdermal patches with the phytoestrogen trans-resveratrol using the probe tack test.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The objects of the study were matrix-type patch samples obtained at the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, containing trans-resveratrol. Adhesion was evaluated by probe tack test using the texture analyzer TA.XTplus with Exponent Connect software. The study was conducted at the Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University (KSMU) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Transdermal patches Nicorette® and Evra® (LTS Lohmann Therapy-Systems AG, Germany) were used as comparator products (positive controls). Two types of substrates were used to model human skin: a biological substrate (isolated pig skin) and a synthetic substrate (silicone skin). The test results were processed using standard statistical methods in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The patch sample based on a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate as a polymer carrier acting as an adhesive demonstrated the highest tack, comparable to that of the reference products. The incorporation of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-17 to enhance the release of trans-resveratrol from the matrix resulted in a partial loss of patch adhesion and the formation of an unstable system that was highly sensitive to environmental conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the evaluation of peak force required to break the bond and work of adhesion, it was established that the use of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate for the development of matrix-type transdermal patches with trans-resveratrol represents a promising approach. This strategy enables an optimal combination of adhesive properties, comparable to those of reference products, while maintaining the active substance release performance from the TTS as reported in a previous study.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансдермальные пластыри</kwd><kwd>транс-ресвератрол</kwd><kwd>адгезивные свойства</kwd><kwd>зондирование липкости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transdermal patches</kwd><kwd>trans-resveratrol</kwd><kwd>adhesive properties</kwd><kwd>probe tack test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Ma J., Li J., Fang L., Liu C. Transdermal patch based on pressure-sensitive adhesive: the importance of adhesion for efficient drug delivery. 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