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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2026-15-4-2434</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-2464</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительное исследование кинетики растворения и проницаемости комбинированного препарата линаглиптина и эмпаглифлозина с использованием методологии Dissoflux™</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative study of dissolution kinetics and permeability of a combination product of linagliptin and empagliflozin using Dissoflux™ methodology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелгачева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelgacheva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.shchelgacheva@cpha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5941-5267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-8186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багаева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagaeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-5976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8; 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Аптекарский остров, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149; 14A, Professora Popova str., Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-7822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашенко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shohin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117149, г. Москва, ул. Симферопольский бульвар, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Simferopol Boulevard, Moscow, 117149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр Фармацевтической Аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA")</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр Фармацевтической Аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»); Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СПХФУ Минздрава России)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company "Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics" (LLC "CPHA"); Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>2464</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щелгачева Д.С., Степанова А.А., Багаева Н.С., Карпова П.А., Комаров Т.Н., Малашенко Е.А., Шохин И.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щелгачева Д.С., Степанова А.А., Багаева Н.С., Карпова П.А., Комаров Т.Н., Малашенко Е.А., Шохин И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchelgacheva D.S., Stepanova A.A., Bagaeva N.S., Karpova P.A., Komarov T.N., Malashenko E.A., Shohin I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2464">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2464</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Комбинированные препараты линаглиптина и эмпаглифлозина широко применяются для терапии сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Оба действующих вещества относятся к III классу по биофармацевтической классификационной системе (БКС) и характеризуются высокой растворимостью и низкой проницаемостью. При разработке воспроизведенных лекарственных препаратов критически важным является доказательство их терапевтической эквивалентности, для чего в рамках биовейвера проводится тест сравнительной кинетики растворения in vitro. Однако для препаратов III класса лимитирующей стадией абсорбции является клеточная проницаемость, что требует применения дополнительных методологий для ее оценки.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительное изучение профилей растворения и проницаемости линаглиптина и эмпаглифлозина из таблеток испытуемого комбинированного препарата и референтного препарата с использованием методологии Dissoflux™ для обоснования применимости данного подхода в оценке биофармацевтической эквивалентности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования являлись таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой, испытуемого препарата (комбинация линаглиптина, 2,5 мг, и эмпаглифлозина, 10 мг) и референтного препарата аналогичной дозировки. Тест сравнительной кинетики растворения (ТСКР) проводили на аппарате «Лопастная мешалка» (TrustE-8 basic, Electrolab, Индия) при 50 об/мин в средах с pH 1,2; 4,5 и 6,8 (объем 500 мл). Исследование проницаемости проводили с использованием системы Dissoflux™ (Electrolab, Индия) в среде с pH 6,8 (донор) и буферном растворе с 0,05%-м твина-20 (акцептор, pH 7,4). Количественное определение действующих веществ выполняли с помощью метода ВЭЖХ-УФ с градиентным элюированием на колонке Symmetry® C18 (Waters Corporation, США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Разработанная методика ВЭЖХ-УФ показала высокую воспроизводимость и правильность. В средах с pH 1,2; 4,5 и 6,8 высвобождение действующих веществ из обеих лекарственных форм к 15-й минуте превысило 85 %, что свидетельствует об эквивалентности профилей растворения. Отношение Flux для линаглиптина составило 92,13 %, для эмпаглифлозина – 100,31 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показана сопоставимость профилей растворения линаглиптина и эмпаглифлозина из испытуемого и референтного препаратов во всех трех средах. Тест на проницаемость in vitro в системе Dissoflux™ продемонстрировал принципиальную возможность применения методологии Dissoflux™ как важнейшего вспомогательного инструмента для биофармацевтической оценки лекарственных форм на этапе разработки лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Combination products of linagliptin and empagliflozin are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both active substances belong to class III of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), characterized by high solubility and low permeability. In the development of generic medicinal products, demonstration of therapeutic equivalence is critical; for this purpose, a comparative in vitro dissolution kinetics test is conducted within the framework of a biowaiver. However, for class III drugs, permeability is the rate-limiting step of absorption, necessitating the use of additional methodologies for its assessment.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Comparative study of dissolution and permeability profiles of linagliptin and empagliflozin from film-coated tablets of a test combination product and a reference product using the Dissoflux™ methodology to substantiate the applicability of this approach in the assessment of biopharmaceutical equivalence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study objects were film-coated tablets of the test product (combination of linagliptin 2.5 mg and empagliflozin 10 mg) and a reference product of identical dosage. The comparative dissolution kinetics test (CDKT) was performed using a paddle apparatus (TrustE-8 basic, Electrolab, India) at 50 rpm in media with pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 (volume 500 mL). Permeability studies were conducted using the Dissoflux™ system (Electrolab, India) in pH 6.8 medium (donor) and buffer solution with 0.05 % Tween 20 (acceptor, pH 7.4). Quantitative determination of the active substances was performed by HPLC-UV with gradient elution on a Symmetry® C18 column (Waters Corporation, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The developed HPLC-UV method demonstrated high reproducibility and accuracy. In media with pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8, the release of active substances from both dosage forms exceeded 85 % by 15 minutes, indicating equivalence of dissolution profiles. The permeability test results using the Dissoflux™ methodology demonstrated comparable accumulation profiles of both active substances in the acceptor chamber. The Flux ratio for linagliptin was 92.13 %, and for empagliflozin 100.31 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The comparability of dissolution profiles of linagliptin and empagliflozin from the test and reference products in all three media was demonstrated. Pilot data from the permeability test in vitro using the Dissoflux™ system demonstrated the potential of this methodology as an ancillary tool for biopharmaceutical evaluation during drug development, although final conclusions require statistical confirmation based on no fewer than three independent replicates.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>линаглиптин</kwd><kwd>эмпаглифлозин</kwd><kwd>тест сравнительной кинетики растворения</kwd><kwd>Dissoflux</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ</kwd><kwd>фактор подобия</kwd><kwd>биоэквивалентность</kwd><kwd>БКС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linagliptin</kwd><kwd>empagliflozin</kwd><kwd>dissolution test</kwd><kwd>Dissoflux</kwd><kwd>HPLC</kwd><kwd>similarity factor</kwd><kwd>bioequivalence</kwd><kwd>BCS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Q., Wu W., Chen J., Zhou H., Ding G., Lai S., Kuo A. Y. 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