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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-427</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДИКИ И МЕТОДЫ КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL AND QUALITY CONTROL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗВИТИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ СИЛЬНОЙ И СРЕДНЕЙ БОЛИ. ЧАСТЬ I. МУЛЬТИТАРГЕТНОЕ КОМБИНИРОВАНИЕ ОПИОИДОВ И НЕНАРКОТИЧЕСКИХ АНАЛЬГЕТИКОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX PHARMACOTHERAPY OF SEVERE AND MODERATE PAIN. PART I. MULTITARGETED COMBINATION OF OPIOIDS AND NON-OPIOID ANALGESICS WITH CENTRAL EFFECTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семченко</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semchenko</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тохмахчи</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tohmahchi</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «Государственный завод медицинских препаратов» (ФГУП «ГосЗМП»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise «State Pharmaceutical Plant» (FSUE «GosZMP»)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соснов А.В., Семченко Ф.М., Власов М.И., Тохмахчи В.Н., Соснова А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соснов А.В., Семченко Ф.М., Власов М.И., Тохмахчи В.Н., Соснова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sosnov A.V., Semchenko F.M., Vlasov M.I., Tohmahchi V.N., Sosnova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/427">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/427</self-uri><abstract><p>Анальгетики на основе опиоидов в настоящее время являются основным средством фармакотерапии сильной боли. На основе анализа данных по использованию и разработке медицинских и ветеринарных анальгетиков, действующих на различные биомишени ЦНС, описаны и классифицированы подходы к увеличению эффективности и безопасности комплексной анальгезии на основе опиоидов. Показаны принципы создания мультитаргетных комбинаций фиксированного состава (КФС), приведены примеры мультимодальной анальгезии, а так же разработки мультитаргетных солекарств. Рассмотрены возможности комбинирования опиоидов с лигандами альфа-2 андренорецепторов; антагонистами рецепторов возбуждающих аминокислот; ГАМК-лигандами, их производными и аналогами; каннабиоидами; ингибиторами обратного нейронального захвата моноаминов, антагонистами опиатных рецепторов. Продемонстрирована универсальность мультитаргетных веществ. Приведены примеры создания препаратов, купирующих зависимость и развитие толерантности к опиоидам и принципы защиты от немедицинского использования препаратов. Методология мультитаргетной анальгезии является одним из драйверов развития на фоне незначительного прогресса в разработке новых эффективных веществанальгетиков для купирования сильной и средней боли. Наибольший интерес представляют КФС, обладающие эффектом потенцирования и действующие в низких дозах, что позволит создавать разнообразные препараты анальгетиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Medicines based on opioid analgesics are the basic means of pharmacotherapy of severe pain at present. Approaches to increase efficacy and safety of complex opioid analgesia are described and classified based on analysis of medicinal and veterinary analgesics acting on different CNS biotargets. Principles of creation multitargeted fixed-dose combinations (FDC) and some schemes of multimodal analgesia are demonstrated by the example of opioid combinations with ligands of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, antagonists of excitatory amino acid receptors, GABA ligands, their derivatives and analogues, cannabinoids, monoamines reuptake inhibitors and opiate receptor antagonists. Importance of multitargeted substances in general including codrug approach for facilitating of drug delivery and bioactivity enhancement were demonstrated. Development of opioid formulations with low level of dependency and tolerance and also principles to protect opioid formulations against non-medical use were described. Methodology of multitargeted analgesia is one of the drivers in drug development on the background of low progress in the development of new effective molecules for relief of severe and moderate pain. The greatest interest is development of FDC with drug potentiation and efficacy at low doses. It allows creating wide variety of analgesics formulations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опиоид</kwd><kwd>ненаркотический анальгетик</kwd><kwd>биомишень</kwd><kwd>мультитаргетный препарат</kwd><kwd>мультимодальная анальгезия</kwd><kwd>фармацевтическая композиция</kwd><kwd>комбинация фиксированного состава</kwd><kwd>солекарство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opioid</kwd><kwd>non-narcotic analgesic</kwd><kwd>biological target</kwd><kwd>multitargeted formulation</kwd><kwd>multimodal analgesia</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical composition</kwd><kwd>fixed-dose combination</kwd><kwd>codrug</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research / Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education. - Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011. 364 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research / Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education. - Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011. 364 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Общие проблемы хронической и патологической боли. 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