<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-1-83-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-738</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Специфическая терапия гриппа: современное состояние и перспективы (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specific Influenza Therapy: Current State and Prospects (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одноворов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odnovorov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Одноворов Артём Игоревич</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem I. Odnovorov</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mister.odn2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенникова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6123098, г. Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Grebennikova</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 11719818, Gamalei str., Moscow. 123098 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетенева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleteneva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Pleteneva</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Российский университет дружбы народов, РУДН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Российский университет дружбы народов, РУДН); ФГБУ «НИЦЭМ им. Н. Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology &amp; Microbiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Одноворов А.И., Гребенникова Т.В., Плетенева Т.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Одноворов А.И., Гребенникова Т.В., Плетенева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Odnovorov A.I., Grebennikova T.V., Pleteneva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/738">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/738</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Респираторные инфекции являются одними из лидеров по заболеваемости и смертности по всему миру. Наиболее тяжелые случаи заболеваний чаще всего вызваны вирусом гриппа. В данный момент существует множество способов специфической профилактики и терапии инфекции гриппа, однако их эффективность далека от идеала. Это связано с высокой изменчивостью вируса гриппа и последующим возникновением резистентности к используемым препаратам. В связи с этим совершенствование и разработка противовирусных препаратов является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. Вирус гриппа – РНК-содержащий вирус, который является причиной массовых эпидемий и пандемий. Специфическая профилактика гриппа включает в себя вакцинирование. Однако антигенная изменчивость вируса способствует снижению эффективности вакцины, что требует постоянной затратной разработки её более совершенных модификаций. Специфическая терапия инфекции гриппа включает несколько классов лекарственных препаратов, среди которых ингибиторы нейраминидазы (NA) – осельтамивир, занамивир и ингибиторы М2-белка – амантадин, римантадин. В свое время эти препараты обладали достаточной эффективностью. Но сформировавшаяся устойчивость вирусов гриппа к данным препаратам требует создания новых либо модификации существующих противовирусных средств. Среди новых отечественных разработок противовирусных препаратов следует упомянуть гистидил-1-адамантаилэтиламин, который является модификацией молекулы римантадина и на этапе доклинических исследований показал достаточную противовирусную активность. Представитель другого класса препаратов – арбидол (умифеновир), ингибитор гемагглютинина (HA) вируса гриппа. По данным исследований препарат имеет высокие профили эффективности и безопасности, однако рекомендация Всемирной организации здравоохранения продолжить клинические испытания. В настоящее время проводятся клинические исследования препаратов новых классов – балоксавира марбоксила и фавипиравира. Балоксавира марбоксил – пролекарство, которое in vivo превращается в балоксавир – ингибитор кэп-зависимой эндонуклеазы. Фавипиравир – ингибитор РНК-зависимой РНК-полимеразы. Исследования in vitro на культуре клеток и in vivo на лабораторных животных показали более высокую эффективность этих препаратов, чем у вышеупомянутых при минимальных значениях токсичности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Стремительное эволюционирование вируса гриппа приводит к постепенному снижению эффективности современных противовирусных препаратов. Новые соединения, нацеленные на важные для воспроизводства вируса мишени, находятся на стадиях клинических исследований. Будущее борьбы с гриппом зависит от итога этих испытаний, по результатам которых соединения могут стать эффективными препаратами для профилактики и лечения гриппа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Respiratory infections are among the leaders in morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe cases of the disease are most often caused by the flu virus. Currently, there are many ways of specific prevention and treatment of influenza infection, but their effectiveness is far from ideal. This is due to the high variability of the influenza virus and the subsequent occurrence of resistance to the drugs used. In this regard, the improvement and development of antiviral drugs is an urgent task.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. Influenza virus is an RNA-containing virus that causes massive epidemics and pandemics. Specific influenza prophylaxis includes vaccination. However, antigenic variability of the virus reduces the effectiveness of the vaccine, which requires constant costly development of its more advanced modifications. Specific treatment for influenza infection includes several classes of drugs, such as neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir and M2 protein inhibitors amantadine, rimantadine. At one time, these drugs were quite effective. But the formed resistance of influenza viruses to these drugs requires the creation of new or modifications of existing antiviral agents. Among the new domestic developments of antiviral drugs, histidyl-1-adamantainethylamine, which is a modification of the rimantadine molecule, has shown sufficient antiviral activity at the stage of preclinical studies. A representative of another class of drugs is arbidol (umifenovir), an inhibitor of hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus. According to studies, the drug has high profiles of efficacy and safety, but the recommendation of the World Health Organization is to continue clinical trials. Currently, clinical studies of new classes of drugs are underway – baloxavir marboxil and favipiravir. Baloxavir marboxyl is a prodrug that is converted in vivo to baloxavir, an inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease. Favipiravir is an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In vitro studies in cell culture and in vivo in laboratory animals have shown higher efficacy of these drugs than the above with minimal toxicity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The rapid evolution of the influenza virus leads to a gradual decrease in the effectiveness of modern antiviral drugs. New compounds targeting targets important for virus reproduction are in clinical trials. The future of the fight against influenza depends on the outcome of these tests, according to which the compounds can become effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>противовирусная активность</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы нейраминидазы</kwd><kwd>адамантаны</kwd><kwd>балоксавир</kwd><kwd>производные римантадина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>antiviral activity</kwd><kwd>neuraminidase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>adamantane</kwd><kwd>baloxavir</kwd><kwd>rimantadine derivatives</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена при поддержке Программы РУДН «5-100».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Publication prepared with the support of the PFUR «5-100» Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iuliano A. D., Roguski K. M., Chang H. H., Muscatello D. J., Palekar R., Tempia S., Cohen C., Gran J. M., Schanzer D., Cowling B. J., Wu P., Kyncl J., Ang L. W., Park M., Redlberger-Fritz M., Yu H., Espenhain L., Krishnan A., Emukule G., van Asten L., Pereira da Silva S., Aungkulanon S., Buchholz U., Widdowson M. A., Bresee J. S. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet. 2018; 391(10127): 1285-1300. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33293-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iuliano A. D., Roguski K. M., Chang H. H., Muscatello D. J., Palekar R., Tempia S., Cohen C., Gran J. M., Schanzer D., Cowling B. J., Wu P., Kyncl J., Ang L. W., Park M., Redlberger-Fritz M., Yu H., Espenhain L., Krishnan A., Emukule G., van Asten L., Pereira da Silva S., Aungkulanon S., Buchholz U., Widdowson M. A., Bresee J. S. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet. 2018; 391(10127): 1285-1300. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33293-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hay A. J., Gregory V., Douglas A. R., Lin Y. P. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001; 356 (1416): 1861–1870. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hay A. J., Gregory V., Douglas A. R., Lin Y. P. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001; 356 (1416): 1861–1870. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bearman G. M., Shankaran S., Elam K. Treatment of severe cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza: review of antivirals and adjuvant therapy. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2010; 5 (2): 152–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bearman G. M., Shankaran S., Elam K. Treatment of severe cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza: review of antivirals and adjuvant therapy. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2010; 5 (2): 152–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferguson L., Eckard L., Epperson W. B., Long L. P., Smith D., Huston C., Genova S., Webby R., Wan X. F. Influenza D virus infection in Mississippi beef cattle. Virology. 2015; 486: 28–34. Doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferguson L., Eckard L., Epperson W. B., Long L. P., Smith D., Huston C., Genova S., Webby R., Wan X. F. Influenza D virus infection in Mississippi beef cattle. Virology. 2015; 486: 28–34. Doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutchinson E. C. Influenza Virus. Trends Microbiol. 2018; 26 (9): 809–810. Doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutchinson E. C. Influenza Virus. Trends Microbiol. 2018; 26 (9): 809–810. Doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jagadesh A., Salam A. A., Mudgal P. P., Arunkumar G. Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA): a target for antivirals and vaccines. Arch Virol. 2016; 161(8): 2087–2094. Doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2907-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagadesh A., Salam A. A., Mudgal P. P., Arunkumar G. Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA): a target for antivirals and vaccines. Arch Virol. 2016; 161(8): 2087–2094. Doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2907-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong S., Zhu X., Li Y., Shi M., Zhang J., Bourgeois M., Yang H., Chen X., Recuenco S., Gomez J., Chen L. M., Johnson A., Tao Y., Dreyfus C., Yu W., McBride R., Carney P. J., Gilbert A. T., Chang J., Guo Z., Davis C. T., Paulson J. C., Stevens J., Rupprecht C. E., Holmes E. C., Wilson I. A., Donis R. O. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(10): e1003657. Doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong S., Zhu X., Li Y., Shi M., Zhang J., Bourgeois M., Yang H., Chen X., Recuenco S., Gomez J., Chen L. M., Johnson A., Tao Y., Dreyfus C., Yu W., McBride R., Carney P. J., Gilbert A. T., Chang J., Guo Z., Davis C. T., Paulson J. C., Stevens J., Rupprecht C. E., Holmes E. C., Wilson I. A., Donis R. O. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(10): e1003657. Doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinto L. H., Holsinger L. J., Lamb R.A. Influenza virus M2 protein has ion channel activity. Cell. 1992; 69(3): 517–528. Doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90452-i.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinto L. H., Holsinger L. J., Lamb R.A. Influenza virus M2 protein has ion channel activity. Cell. 1992; 69(3): 517–528. Doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90452-i.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голубовская О. А., Шкурба А. В. Вакцинопрофилактика гриппа в современных условиях. Клиническая инфектология и паразитология. 2013; 3(06): 145–154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golubovskaja O. A., Shkurba A. V. Flu vaccinal prevention in modern conditions. Clinical Infectology and Parasitology. 2013; 3(06): 145–154 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerdil C. The annual production cycle for influenza vaccine. Vaccine. 2003; 21 (16): 1776-1779. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00071-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerdil C. The annual production cycle for influenza vaccine. Vaccine. 2003; 21 (16): 1776-1779. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00071-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mossad S. B. Influenza update 2018-2019: 100 years after the great pandemic. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018; 85(11): 861–869. Doi: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.18095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mossad S. B. Influenza update 2018-2019: 100 years after the great pandemic. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018; 85(11): 861–869. Doi: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.18095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safety/Efficacy Study of Seqirus A/H7N9 IIV With or Without MF59(R) Adjuvant to Prevent Avian Influenza. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2018] – [cited 2019 Nov 22]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/keydates/NCT03682120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safety/Efficacy Study of Seqirus A/H7N9 IIV With or Without MF59(R) Adjuvant to Prevent Avian Influenza. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2018] – [cited 2019 Nov 22]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/keydates/NCT03682120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safety and Immunogenicity Study of an Influenza Vaccination Strategy Including a H3N2 M2SR Prime Followed by a Seasonal Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccine Boost in a Pediatric Population 9-17 Years Old ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2018] [cited 2019 Nov 22]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03553940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safety and Immunogenicity Study of an Influenza Vaccination Strategy Including a H3N2 M2SR Prime Followed by a Seasonal Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccine Boost in a Pediatric Population 9-17 Years Old ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2018] [cited 2019 Nov 22]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03553940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shtyrya Y. A., Mochalova L. V., Bovin N. V. Influenza virus neuraminidase: structure and function. Acta Naturae. 2009; 1(2): 26–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shtyrya Y. A., Mochalova L. V., Bovin N. V. Influenza virus neuraminidase: structure and function. Acta Naturae. 2009; 1(2): 26–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen M., Zhang X. Q., Senaati H. P., Chen H. W., Varki N. M., Schooley R. T., Gagneux P. Influenza A penetrates host mucus by cleaving sialic acids with neuraminidase. Virol J. 2013; 10: 321. Doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen M., Zhang X. Q., Senaati H. P., Chen H. W., Varki N. M., Schooley R. T., Gagneux P. Influenza A penetrates host mucus by cleaving sialic acids with neuraminidase. Virol J. 2013; 10: 321. Doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ison M. G. Antiviral Treatments. Clin Chest Med. 2017; 38(1): 139–153. Doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ison M. G. Antiviral Treatments. Clin Chest Med. 2017; 38(1): 139–153. Doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobson J., Whitley R. J., Pocock S., Monto A. S. Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2015; 385(9979): 1729–1737. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62449-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobson J., Whitley R. J., Pocock S., Monto A. S. Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2015; 385(9979): 1729–1737. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62449-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jefferson T., Jones M. A., Doshi P., Del Mar C. B., Hama R., Thompson M. J., Spencer E. A., Onakpoya I., Mahtani K. R., Nunan D., Howick J., Heneghan C. J. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 4: CD008965. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jefferson T., Jones M. A., Doshi P., Del Mar C. B., Hama R., Thompson M. J., Spencer E. A., Onakpoya I., Mahtani K. R., Nunan D., Howick J., Heneghan C. J. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 4: CD008965. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dharan N. J., Gubareva L. V., Meyer J. J., Okomo-Adhiambo M., McClinton R. C., Marshall S. A., St George K., Epperson S., Brammer L., Klimov A. I., Bresee J. S., Fry A. M. Infections with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) virus in the United States. JAMA. 2009; 301(10): 1034–1041. Doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dharan N. J., Gubareva L. V., Meyer J. J., Okomo-Adhiambo M., McClinton R. C., Marshall S. A., St George K., Epperson S., Brammer L., Klimov A. I., Bresee J. S., Fry A. M. Infections with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) virus in the United States. JAMA. 2009; 301(10): 1034–1041. Doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurt A. C., Holien J. K., Parker M. W., Barr I. G. Oseltamivir resistance and the H274Y neuraminidase mutation in seasonal, pandemic and highly pathogenic influenza viruses. Drugs. 2009; 69(18): 2523–2531. Doi: 10.2165/11531450-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurt A. C., Holien J. K., Parker M. W., Barr I. G. Oseltamivir resistance and the H274Y neuraminidase mutation in seasonal, pandemic and highly pathogenic influenza viruses. Drugs. 2009; 69(18): 2523–2531. Doi: 10.2165/11531450-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieva J. L., Madan V., Carrasco L. Viroporins: structure and biological functions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012; 10(8): 563–574. Doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2820.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieva J. L., Madan V., Carrasco L. Viroporins: structure and biological functions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012; 10(8): 563–574. Doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2820.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieto-Torres J. L., Verdiá-Báguena C., Castaño-Rodriguez C., Aguilella V. M., Enjuanes L. Relevance of Viroporin Ion Channel Activity on Viral Replication and Pathogenesis. Viruses. 2015; 7(7): 3552–3573. Doi: 10.3390/v7072786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieto-Torres J. L., Verdiá-Báguena C., Castaño-Rodriguez C., Aguilella V. M., Enjuanes L. Relevance of Viroporin Ion Channel Activity on Viral Replication and Pathogenesis. Viruses. 2015; 7(7): 3552–3573. Doi: 10.3390/v7072786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jefferson T., Demicheli V., Di Pietrantonj C., Rivetti D. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 2: CD001169. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001169.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jefferson T., Demicheli V., Di Pietrantonj C., Rivetti D. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 2: CD001169. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001169.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bright R. A., Medina M.J., Xu X., Perez-Oronoz G., Wallis T. R., Davis X. M., Povinelli L., Cox N. J., Klimov A. I. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. Lancet. 2005; 366(9492): 1175–1181. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67338-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bright R. A., Medina M.J., Xu X., Perez-Oronoz G., Wallis T. R., Davis X. M., Povinelli L., Cox N. J., Klimov A. I. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. Lancet. 2005; 366(9492): 1175–1181. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67338-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bright R. A., Shay D. K., Shu B., Cox N. J., Klimov A. I. Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 20052006 influenza season in the United States. JAMA. 2006; 295(8): 891–894. Doi: 10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bright R. A., Shay D. K., Shu B., Cox N. J., Klimov A. I. Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 20052006 influenza season in the United States. JAMA. 2006; 295(8): 891–894. Doi: 10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiore A. E., Fry A., Shay D., Gubareva L., Bresee J. S., Uyeki T. M. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011; 60(1): 1–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiore A. E., Fry A., Shay D., Gubareva L., Bresee J. S., Uyeki T. M. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011; 60(1): 1–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шибнев В. А., Гараев Т. М., Финогенова М. П., Шевченко Е. С., Бурцева Е. И. Новые производные адамантана, способные преодолеть резистентность вирусов гриппа А(H1N1)pdm2009 и А(H3N2) к «ремантадину». Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2012; 153(2): 200–202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shibnev V. A., Garaev T. M., Finogenova M. P., Shevchenko E. S., Burtseva E. I. New adamantane derivatives can overcome resistance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 and A(H3N2) viruses to «remantadine». Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012; 153(2): 200–202 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щелканов М. Ю., Шибнев В. А., Финогенова М. П., Федякина И. Т., Гараев Т. М., Маркова Н. В., Кириллов И. М. Противовирусная активность производных адамантана в отношении вируса гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09 на модели in vivo. Вопросы вирусологии. 2014; 59(2): 37–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shhelkanov M. Ju., Shibnev V. A., Finogenova M. P., Fedjakina I. T., Garaev T. M., Markova N. V., Kirillov I. M. The antiviral activity of the adamantane derivatives against the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 model in vivo. Problems of virology. 2014; 59(2): 37–40 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang S., Li R., Du L., Liu S. Roles of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus in viral entry and development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Protein Cell. 2010; 1(4): 342–354. Doi: 10.1007/s13238-010-0054-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang S., Li R., Du L., Liu S. Roles of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus in viral entry and development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Protein Cell. 2010; 1(4): 342–354. Doi: 10.1007/s13238-010-0054-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leneva I. A., Russell R. J., Boriskin Y. S., Hay A. J. Characteristics of arbidol-resistant mutants of influenza virus: implications for the mechanism of anti-influenza action of arbidol. Antiviral Res. 2009; 81(2): 132–140. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.10.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leneva I. A., Russell R. J., Boriskin Y. S., Hay A. J. Characteristics of arbidol-resistant mutants of influenza virus: implications for the mechanism of anti-influenza action of arbidol. Antiviral Res. 2009; 81(2): 132–140. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.10.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasser Z. H., Swaminathan K., Müller P., Downard K. M. Inhibition of influenza hemagglutinin with the antiviral inhibitor arbidol using a proteomics based approach and mass spectrometry. Antiviral Res. 2013; 100(2): 399–406. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasser Z. H., Swaminathan K., Müller P., Downard K. M. Inhibition of influenza hemagglutinin with the antiviral inhibitor arbidol using a proteomics based approach and mass spectrometry. Antiviral Res. 2013; 100(2): 399–406. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ленева И. А., Гуськова Т. А. Арбидол – эффективный препарат для лечения и профилактики гриппа и ОРВИ: обзор результатов клинических исследований. Русский медицинский журнал. 2008; 29(16): 3–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leneva I. A., Gus’kova T. A. Arbidol is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections: a review of clinical trial results. Russian medical journal. 2008; 29(16): 3–7 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурцева Е. И., Шевченко Е. С., Ленева И. А., Меркулова Л. Н., Оскерко Т. А., Шляпникова О. В., Заплатников А. Л., Шустер А. М., Слепушкин А. Н. Чувствительность к ремантадину и Арбидолу вирусов гриппа, вызвавших эпидемические подъемы заболеваемости в России в сезоне 2004–2005 г. Вопросы вирусологии. 2007; 52(2): 24–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burtseva Ye. I., Shevchenko Ye. S., Leneva I. A., Merkulova L. N., Oskerko T. A., Shlyapnikova O. V., Zaplatnikov A. L., Shuster A. M., Slepushkin A. N. Rimantadine and arbidol sensitivity of influenza viruses that caused epidemic morbidity rise in Russia in the 20042005 season. Problems of virology. 2007; 52(2): 24–29 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010) WHO guidelines for pharmacological management of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and other influenza viruses. Part II: Review of evidence. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/h1n1_guidelines_pharmaceutical_mngt_part2.pdf?ua=1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010) WHO guidelines for pharmacological management of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and other influenza viruses. Part II: Review of evidence. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/h1n1_guidelines_pharmaceutical_mngt_part2.pdf?ua=1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Q., Xiong H. R., Lu L., Liu Y. Y., Luo F., Hou W., Yang Z. Q. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of arbidol hydrochloride in influenza A(H1N1) virus infection. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013; 34(8): 1075–1083. Doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Q., Xiong H. R., Lu L., Liu Y. Y., Luo F., Hou W., Yang Z. Q. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of arbidol hydrochloride in influenza A(H1N1) virus infection. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013; 34(8): 1075–1083. Doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Ding Y., Yang C., Li R., Du Q., Hao Y., Li Z., Jiang H., Zhao J., Chen Q., Yang Z., He Z. Inhibition of the infectivity and inflammatory response of influenza virus by Arbidol hydrochloride in vitro and in vivo (mice and ferret). Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 91: 393–401. Doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Ding Y., Yang C., Li R., Du Q., Hao Y., Li Z., Jiang H., Zhao J., Chen Q., Yang Z., He Z. Inhibition of the infectivity and inflammatory response of influenza virus by Arbidol hydrochloride in vitro and in vivo (mice and ferret). Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 91: 393–401. Doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Study of Arbidol (Umifenovir) for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza and Common Cold (ARBITR). ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2012] – [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01651663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Study of Arbidol (Umifenovir) for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza and Common Cold (ARBITR). ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2012] – [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01651663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселев О. И., Малеев В. В., Деева Э. Г., Ленева И. А., Селькова Е. П., Осипова Е. А., Обухов А. А., Надоров С. А., Куликова Е. В. Клиническая эффективность препарата Арбидол (умифеновир) в терапии гриппа у взрослых: промежуточные результаты многоцентрового двойного слепого рандомизированного плацебоконтролируемого исследования АРБИТР. Терапевтический архив. 2015; 87(1): 88–96. Doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587188-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev O. I., Maleev V. V., Deeva E. G., Leneva I. A., Selkova E. P., Osipova E. A., Obukhov A. A., Nadorov S. A., Kulikova E. V. Clinical efficacy of Аrbidol (umifenovir) in the therapy of influenza in adults: Preliminary results of the multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study ARBITR. Therapeutic Archive. 2015; 87(1): 88–96 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadam R. U., Wilson I. A. Structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug Arbidol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(2): 206–214. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1617020114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadam R. U., Wilson I. A. Structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug Arbidol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(2): 206–214. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1617020114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Throsby M., van den Brink E., Jongeneelen M., Poon L. L., Alard P., Cornelissen L., Bakker A., Cox F., van Deventer E., Guan Y., Cinatl J., ter Meulen J., Lasters I., Carsetti R., Peiris M., de Kruif J., Goudsmit J. Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells. PLoS One. 2008; 3(12): e3942. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Throsby M., van den Brink E., Jongeneelen M., Poon L. L., Alard P., Cornelissen L., Bakker A., Cox F., van Deventer E., Guan Y., Cinatl J., ter Meulen J., Lasters I., Carsetti R., Peiris M., de Kruif J., Goudsmit J. Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells. PLoS One. 2008; 3(12): e3942. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekiert D. C., Friesen R. H., Bhabha G., Kwaks T., Jongeneelen M., Yu W., Ophorst C., Cox F., Korse H. J., Brandenburg B., Vogels R., Brakenhoff J. P., Kompier R., Koldijk M. H., Cornelissen L. A., Poon L. L., Peiris M., Koudstaal W., Wilson I. A., Goudsmit J. A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses. Science. 2011; 333(6044): 843–850. Doi: 10.1126/science.1204839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekiert D. C., Friesen R. H., Bhabha G., Kwaks T., Jongeneelen M., Yu W., Ophorst C., Cox F., Korse H. J., Brandenburg B., Vogels R., Brakenhoff J. P., Kompier R., Koldijk M. H., Cornelissen L. A., Poon L. L., Peiris M., Koudstaal W., Wilson I. A., Goudsmit J. A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses. Science. 2011; 333(6044): 843–850. Doi: 10.1126/science.1204839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy and Safety of CR8020 in an Influenza Challenge. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2013] – [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/keydates/NCT03682120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy and Safety of CR8020 in an Influenza Challenge. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2013] – [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/keydates/NCT03682120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CR6261 in an H1N1 Influenza Healthy Human Challenge Model. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2015] [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02371668.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CR6261 in an H1N1 Influenza Healthy Human Challenge Model. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2015] [cited 2020 Jan 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02371668.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayden F. G., Sugaya N., Hirotsu N., Lee N., de Jong M. D., Hurt A. C., Ishida T., Sekino H., Yamada K., Portsmouth S., Kawaguchi K., Shishido T., Arai M., Tsuchiya K., Uehara T., Watanabe A. Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(10): 913–923. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayden F. G., Sugaya N., Hirotsu N., Lee N., de Jong M. D., Hurt A. C., Ishida T., Sekino H., Yamada K., Portsmouth S., Kawaguchi K., Shishido T., Arai M., Tsuchiya K., Uehara T., Watanabe A. Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(10): 913–923. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takashita E., Morita H., Ogawa R., Nakamura K., Fujisaki S., Shirakura M., Kuwahara T., Kishida N., Watanabe S., Odagiri T. Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to the Novel Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor Baloxavir Marboxil. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 3026. Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takashita E., Morita H., Ogawa R., Nakamura K., Fujisaki S., Shirakura M., Kuwahara T., Kishida N., Watanabe S., Odagiri T. Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to the Novel Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor Baloxavir Marboxil. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 3026. Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furuta Y., Takahashi K., Shiraki K., Sakamoto K., Smee D. F., Barnard D. L., Gowen B. B., Julander J. G., Morrey J. D. T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections. Antiviral Res. 2009; 82(3): 95–102. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furuta Y., Takahashi K., Shiraki K., Sakamoto K., Smee D. F., Barnard D. L., Gowen B. B., Julander J. G., Morrey J. D. T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections. Antiviral Res. 2009; 82(3): 95–102. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furuta Y., Gowen B. B., Takahashi K., Shiraki K., Smee D. F., Barnard D. L. Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2013; 100(2): 446–454. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furuta Y., Gowen B. B., Takahashi K., Shiraki K., Smee D. F., Barnard D. L. Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2013; 100(2): 446–454. Doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
