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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-3-137-141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-777</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технология выделения и анализ липофильных и гидрофильных биологически активных компонентов из семян Nigella sativa L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Technology for Isolation and Analysis of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Biologically Active Components from N. sativa L. Seeds.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-9110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горяинов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryainov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Goryainov. </p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эспарса</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esparza</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cesar Esparza. </p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-9506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивлев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivlev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily A. Ivlev. </p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-7712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарев</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarev</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Писарев Дмитрий Иванович – профессор, агробиотехнологический департамент.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Pisarev.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juniper05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7083-704X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакореза</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bacorese</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gohara Bacorese.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-881X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамович</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramovich</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rimma A. Abramovich.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-6783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Novikov.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-419X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потанина</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potanina</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga G. Potanina.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-1180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазар</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazar</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Simon Lazar.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6355-5615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkidiy V. Khromov.</p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-2935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>308015, Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Boyko.</p><p>85, Pobedy str., Belgorod, 308015.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Российский университет дружбы народов, РУДН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет (НИУ «БелГУ»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горяинов С.В., Эспарса С., Ивлев В.А., Писарев Д.И., Бакореза Г., Абрамович Р.А., Новиков О.О., Потанина О.Г., Лазар С., Хромов А.В., Бойко Н.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горяинов С.В., Эспарса С., Ивлев В.А., Писарев Д.И., Бакореза Г., Абрамович Р.А., Новиков О.О., Потанина О.Г., Лазар С., Хромов А.В., Бойко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goryainov S.V., Esparza C., Ivlev V.A., Pisarev D.I., Bacorese G., Abramovich R.A., Novikov O.O., Potanina O.G., Lazar S., Khromov A.V., Boyko N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/777">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/777</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Семена чернушки посевной - Nigella sativa L. широко известны как источник жирного масла с весьма редким компонентом -тимохиноном. Терапевтический потенциал биологически активных соединений семян растения охватывает положительное влияние на желудочно-кишечный тракт, сердечно-сосудистую и иммунную систему. Кроме того, у тимохинона обнаружены гипогликемическое, антиоксидантное, противоопухолевое, онкопротекторное, иммуномодулирующее действие. Помимо жирного масла и тимохинона в семенах присутствует ряд других значимых соединений, также составляющих собственный фармакологический актив.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка технологической схемы переработки и анализ липофильных и гидрофильных компонентов семян N. sativa L.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве аналитических методов использованы: газожидкостная хроматография с пламенно-ионизационным детектором - для анализа стеринов и тритерпенов; хромато-масс-спектрометрия (газожидкостная хроматография с масс-спектрометрическим детектированиям) - для исследования эфирного масла; хромато-масс-спектрометрия (высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием) - для изучения флавоноидов. Для получения отдельных фракций биологически активных соединений семян N. sativa L. использована дробная экстракция.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждения</title><p>Результаты и обсуждения. Была разработана схема выделения липофильных и гидрофильных компонентов, которая заключается в экстракции всего липидного комплекса семян н-гексаном, с последующим удалением экстрагента. Сгущенное гексановое извлечение обрабатывают спиртом этиловым, извлекающим неомыляемые соединения - терпены, хиноны, стерины и не растворяющим триацилглицериды. Шрот семян, оставшийся после гексановой экстракции, обрабатывают спиртом этиловым 70%-ым, в который переходят гидрофильные молекулы, а конкретно флавоноиды.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В липофильной фракции омыляемых липидов после переэтерификации идентифицировано 5 соединений, доминирующими являются линолевая и олеиновая кислоты. Характерной особенностью данной фракции является присутствие цис-11,14-эйкозадиеновой кислоты, которая может выступать в роли маркерного элемента жирного масла семян N. sativa L. В неомыляемой фракции обнаружены стерины и тритерпены. Мажорным компонентом данной фракции является β-ситостерин. Помимо указанного стерина присутствуют кампестерин и стигмастери. Тритерпены представлены циклоартенолом и его производными. В эфиромасличном комплексе найдены простые фенолы, хиноны и монотерпены, преобладают n-цимол, тимохинон и α-туйен. В состав гидрофильной фракции семян N. sativa L. входят флавоноиды метоксилированного ряда флавонов и гликозиды кемпферола.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Seeds of Nigella sativa L. are widely known as a source of fatty oil with a very rare component-thymoquinone. The therapeutic potential of biologically active compounds of plant seeds covers a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and immune systems. In addition, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, oncoprotective, immunomodulating effects were found in thymoquinone. In addition to fatty oil and thymoquinone, a number of other significant compounds are present in the seeds, which also make up their own pharmacological asset. Aim. Study was to develop a processing flow chart and analyze the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of the seeds of N. sativa L.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The following methods were used as analytical methods: gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector - for the analysis of sterols and triterpenes; chromatography-mass spectrometry (gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) - for the study of essential oil; chromatography-mass spectrometry (high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) - to study flavonoids. To obtain individual fractions of biologically active compounds of seeds of N. sativa L., fractional extraction was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The principle of this approach in this case is to extract the entire lipid complex of seeds with n-hexane, followed by removal of the extractant. The thickened hexane extract is treated with ethyl alcohol, which extracts unsaponifiable compounds - terpenes, quinones, sterols and does not dissolve triacylglycerides. The seed meal remaining after hexane extraction is treated with ethyl alcohol 70 %, into which hydrophilic molecules, in particular flavonoids, pass.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. After transesterification, 5 compounds were identified in the lipophilic fraction of saponifiable lipids, the linoleic and oleic acids being dominant. A characteristic feature of this fraction is the presence of cis-11,14-eicosadiene acid, which can act as a marker element of the fatty oil of the seeds of N. sativa L. Sterols and triterpenes were found in the unsaponifiable fraction. The major component of this fraction is β-sitosterol. In addition to the indicated sterol, campesterol and stigmasteri are present. Triterpenes are represented by cycloartenol and its derivatives. Simple phenols, quinones and monoterpenes were found in the essential oil complex, p-cymol, thymoquinone and α-thuyen predominate. The hydrophilic fraction of the seeds of N. sativa L. includes flavonoids of the methoxylated series of flavones and kempferol glycosides.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семена чернушки посевной</kwd><kwd>тимохинон хроматография</kwd><kwd>триацилглицериды</kwd><kwd>стерины</kwd><kwd>флавоноиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>N. sativa L.</kwd><kwd>thymoquinone chromatography</kwd><kwd>triacylglycerides</kwd><kwd>sterols</kwd><kwd>flavonoids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Программы 5-100.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Program 5-100.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gali-Muhtasib H., El-Najjar H. Schneider-Stock R. The medicinal potential of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its components. 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