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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-2-145-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-805</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы оценки эквивалентности профилей растворения: современный взгляд (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method of Estimating the Equivalence of Dissolution Profiles: a Modern View (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shohin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117246, г. Москва, Научный пр., д. 20, стр. 3, </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Shohin</p><p>20/3, Nauchny proezd, Moscow, 117246, </p><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багаева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagaeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багаева Наталья Сергеевна</p><p>117246, г. Москва, Научный пр., д. 20, стр. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Bagaeva</p><p>20/3, Nauchny proezd, Moscow, 117246</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natashka.bagaeva@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашенко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Malashenko</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera N. Kuzina</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Mosсow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Центр Фармацевтической Аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»);&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Российский университет дружбы народов, РУДН)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «CPHA»;&#13;
Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Центр Фармацевтической Аналитики» (ООО «ЦФА»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «CPHA»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шохин И.Е., Багаева Н.С., Малашенко Е.А., Кузина В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шохин И.Е., Багаева Н.С., Малашенко Е.А., Кузина В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shohin I.E., Bagaeva N.S., Malashenko E.A., Kuzina V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/805">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/805</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Один из основных этапов СТКР – оценка эквивалентности профилей растворения исследуемого препарата и препарата сравнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. Согласно действующим нормативным документам, количественным параметром оценки эквивалентностей профилей высвобождения лекарственных препаратов является фактор сходимости (f2). Однако такой подход из позволяет учесть такую важную информацию о поведении ЛП в среде растворения, как: форма профилей растворения, случаи неполного высвобождения лекарственного вещества, временную корреляцию, наличие значений-«выбросов», что может привести к ложноположительным результатам. Особое внимание стоит уделить растворению препаратов с большой вариабельностью. Помимо расчета фактора сходимости f2 для количественной оценки эквивалентности профилей растворения можно использовать модельно-зависимые и модельно-независимые методы, которые лишены перечисленных недостатков и которые будут более статистически корректны, а их использование возможно обосновать: фактор различия f1, функция распределения Вейбулла, сравнение степеней высвобождения в разных временных точках по t-критерию Стьюдента. Недостатком данных моделей является их эмпирический характер, который ставит под сомнение возможность применения таких методов. В настоящее время широкое обсуждение получил многомерный анализ, который можно использовать для сравнения сходства профилей растворения с предположением, что данные имеют нормальное распределение. Наиболее распространенными методами для проверки схожести профилей растворения для высоко вариабельных лекарственных препаратов являются: использование расстояния Махаланобиса и метод bootstrap для f2. Например, EMA подробно разъясняет пригодность расстояния Махаланобиса для оценки сходства профилей растворения лекарственных препаратов, а также подчеркивает важность доверительных интервалов для количественной оценки неопределенности вокруг выбранного показателя. Методология bootstrap не дает ясного представления о возможности ее применения при работе с факторами сходимости профилей f2, получающихся в результате СТКР лекарственных препаратов с неполным высвобождением, в частности, при исследованиях в биорелевантных средах. Функция «T2EQ», основанная на расстоянии Махаланобиса для высоко вариабельных лекарственных препаратов (по Хоффелдеру), на практике дает неоднозначные результаты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тема количественной статистической оценки эквивалентности профилей растворения требует дальнейшего обсуждения, поскольку по ряду объективных признаков фактор сходимости морально устарел и, в ряде случаев, не может быть адекватно применим. Использование современных статистических инструментов в данный момент не имеет нормативного подтверждения регулирующих органов. В существующих научных публикациях описаны некоторые статистические методы, которые сравнивались по своей конструкции и эффективности. Необходимо разработать четкий план (decision tree) проведения выбора статистического метода процедуры оценки эквивалентности профилей растворения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the purposes of dissolution profile comparison is to establish the equivalence of dissolution profiles of the studied drug and the comparison drug.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. According to the current regulatory documents, the main tool for quantitative confirmation of equivalence of drug release profiles is the calculation of the similarity factor (f2). However, it does not consider the form of dissolution profiles, incomplete release of the drug substance, time correlation, and is not susceptible to the «outliers», which leads to false positive results. Special attention should be paid to the dissolution of drugs with high variability, which is not eliminated by either increasing the sample or changing the sampling scheme. If f2 is not used, it is necessary to use model-dependent and model-independent methods that are statistically correct, and their use is sufficiently justified (difference factor f1, Weibull distribution function, comparison of release degrees at different time points (according to the student's t-criterion). However, these models have an empirical nature that calls into question the application of such methods. Multivariate analysis is widely discussed in the literature and can be used to compare the similarity of dissolution with the assumption that the data has a normal distribution. The most common methods for checking similarity of dissolution profiles for highly variable drugs are the Mahalanobis distance test and the bootstrap for f2. There is a document of EMA about suitability of the Mahalanobis distance as a tool to assess the comparability of drug dissolution profiles and to a larger extent to emphasise the importance of confidence intervals to quantify the uncertainty around the point estimate of the chosen metric. The bootstrap methodology for f2 does not provide a clear understanding of the application to dissolution profile comparison for incomplete-release drugs, particularly in biorelevant environments. The «T2EQ» function, based on the Mahalanobis distance for highly variable drugs (Hoffelder), gives undefined results in practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The topic of equivalence of dissolution profiles requires discussion, since it is shown that the convergence factor is outdated and cannot be adequately applied. The use of modern methods does not have a clear regulatory confirmation by the regulatory authority. In the published scientific literature, several statistical methods have been explored and compared for their design and performance. It is necessary to develop a clear plan (decision treeы) for conducting the procedure for equivalence of dissolution profiles, employing a range of statistical methods.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профиль растворения</kwd><kwd>фактор сходимости</kwd><kwd>расстояние Махаланобиса</kwd><kwd>bootstrap</kwd><kwd>Т2-тест эквивалентности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dissolution profiles</kwd><kwd>similarity factor</kwd><kwd>Mahalanobis distance</kwd><kwd>bootstrap</kwd><kwd>T2 test for equivalence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 3, 2016, No. 85 «On approval of the Rules for conducting studies of bioequivalence of drugs within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union». 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