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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-37-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к разработке препарата низкодозированного налтрексона в форме спрея назального (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to the Development of a Low-dose Naltrexone Preparation in the Form of a Nasal Spray (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-9431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домнина</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domnina</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Домнина Юлия Михайловна</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p><p>121353, г.  Москва, Сколковское шоссе, д. 21, офис 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya M. Domnina</p><p>86, Vernadsky av., Moscow, 119571</p><p>21/1, Skolkovskoye highway, Moscow, 121353</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">domnina.yulia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-2492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p><p>121353, г.  Москва, Сколковское шоссе, д. 21, офис 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy V. Suslov</p><p>86, Vernadsky av., Moscow, 119571</p><p>21/1, Skolkovskoye highway, Moscow, 121353</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-8493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кедик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kedik</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p><p>121353, г.  Москва, Сколковское шоссе, д. 21, офис 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Kedik</p><p>86, Vernadsky av., Moscow, 119571</p><p>21/1, Skolkovskoye highway, Moscow, 121353</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-6983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina O. Volkova</p><p>86, Vernadsky av., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksimovap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет» (РТУ МИРЭА); АО «Институт фармацевтических технологий» (АО «ИФТ»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "MIREA – Russian Technological University"; JSC "Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет» (РТУ МИРЭА); АО «Институт фармацевтических технологий» (АО «ИФТ»)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "MIREA – Russian Technological University"; &#13;
JSC "Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет» (РТУ МИРЭА)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "MIREA – Russian Technological University"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Домнина Ю.М., Суслов В.В., Кедик С.А., Волкова П.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Домнина Ю.М., Суслов В.В., Кедик С.А., Волкова П.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Domnina Y.M., Suslov V.V., Kedik S.A., Volkova P.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/852">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/852</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение.  Налтрексона гидрохлорид относится к антагонистам µ-опиоидных рецепторов и широко применяется для лечения алкогольной и наркотической зависимостей в пероральной дозе 50 мг/сут. Также он является блокатором других рецепторов - опиоидного фактора роста и Толл-подобного рецептора, что особенно проявляется при дозах 1,5-5 мг/сут и позволяет использовать его для лечения заболеваний, связанных различным образом с нарушением иммунитета.</p></sec><sec><title>Текст</title><p>Текст. На сегодняшний день имеется значительное количество данных, свидетельствующих об эффективности налтрексона гидрохлорида вводимого перорально в дозах от 1,5 до 5,0 мг в сутки  для лечения социально значимых заболеваний, таких как: СПИД, онкологические заболевания, аутизм, рассеянный склероз и др. Однако, на фармацевтическом рынке до сих пор отсутствует лекарственный препарат, обеспечивающий такие дозы. В связи с тем, что пероральное введение налтрексона сопряжено с его печёночным метаболизмом первого прохода и образованием значительных количеств веществ, способных вызывать побочные нервно-психические эффекты и желудочно-кишечные расстройства, а также возможным взаимодействием налтрексона и его метаболитов с другими лекарственными препаратами, которые в больших количествах применяют при терапии указанных заболеваний, создание парентеральной лекарственной формы является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В обзоре представлены современные исследования в области применения низкодозированного налтрексона, механизмы его действия и рассмотрены возможные области применения в медицинской практике. Отмечены недостатки перорального применения и рассмотрен альтернативный путь введения, такой как интраназальный. Подходы к разработке готовой лекарственной формы – спрея назального, реализуются при подборе оптимального содержания активного вещества и вспомогательных компонентов препарата. Наиболее перспективно создание препарата на основе термореверсивных полимеров с содержанием налтрексона гидрохлорида до 3,0 %.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Naltrexone hydrochloride belongs to µ-opioid receptor antagonists and is widely used in the treatment of alcohol and drug addiction at an oral dose of 50 mg/day. It is also a blocker of other receptors – opioid growth factor and Toll-like factor, which is especially evident at doses of 1.5–5 mg/day. This allows it to be used to treat diseases associated with impaired immunity.</p></sec><sec><title>Text</title><p>Text. To date, there is a significant amount of data indicating the effectiveness of naltrexone hydrochloride administered orally in doses from 1.5 to 5.0 mg per day for the treatment of significant diseases such as AIDS, cancer, autism, multiple sclerosis, etc. However, on the pharmaceutical market still lacks a drug that provides such doses. Due to the fact that oral administration of naltrexone is associated with its first-pass hepatic metabolism and the formation of significant amounts of substances that cause side effects of neuropsychiatric effects and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the possible effect of naltrexone and its metabolites by other drugs, which in large amounts are used for these diseases, the creation of a parenteral dosage form is relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The review presents current research in the field of low-dose naltrexone application, its mechanisms of action, and considers possible areas of application in medical practice. The disadvantages of oral administration are noted and an alternative route of administration such as intranasal is considered. Approaches to the development of a finished dosage form – nasal spray, are implemented when selecting the optimal content of the active substance and auxiliary components of the drug. The most promising is the creation of a drug based on thermoreversible polymers with a naltrexone hydrochloride content of up to 3,0 %.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>низкие дозы налтрексона</kwd><kwd>механизм действия</kwd><kwd>интраназальное введение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low-dose naltrexone</kwd><kwd>mechanism of action</kwd><kwd>intranasal administration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsegood L. The LDN Book: How a Little-Known Generic Drug – Low Dose Naltrexone – Could Revolutionize Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases, Cancer, Autism, Depression, and More. Chelsea Green Publishing; 2016. 217 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsegood L. 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