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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug development &amp; registration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-2066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «CPHA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-48-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pharmjournal-860</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерполимерные комплексы на основе Carbopol® и поли(2-этил-2-оксазолина) как носители для трансбуккальной доставки метформина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interpolymer Complexes Based on Carbopol® and Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as Carriers for Buccal Delivery of Metformin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-1968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викторова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Viktorova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Viktorova</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-9576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елизарова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elizarova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Elizarova</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9454-2895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina S. Romanova</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-8905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темиргалиева</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timergalieva</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Venera R. Timergalieva</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-2630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторянский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutoryanskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Великобритания</p><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p><p>Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>United Kingdom</p><p>Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p><p>Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-2853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moustafine</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустафин Руслан Ибрагимович</p><p>420126, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Фатыха Амирхана, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rouslan I. Moustafine</p><p>16, Fatykha Amirkhan str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420126</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rouslan.moustafine@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации, ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фармации, ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России; Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University; Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Викторова А.С., Елизарова Е.С., Романова Р.С., Темиргалиева В.Р., Хуторянский В.В., Мустафин Р.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Викторова А.С., Елизарова Е.С., Романова Р.С., Темиргалиева В.Р., Хуторянский В.В., Мустафин Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Viktorova A.S., Elizarova E.S., Romanova R.S., Timergalieva V.R., Khutoryanskiy V.V., Moustafine R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/860">https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/860</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Трансбуккальная доставка лекарственных веществ (ЛВ) имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с пероральным введением: удобство применения для пациента, хорошее кровоснабжение буккальной слизистой, ЛВ попадают непосредственно в системный кровоток, минуя «эффект первого прохождения через печень», а также не подвергаются воздействию кислой среды желудочного сока и разрушающего действия пищеварительных ферментов. Применение интерполимерных комплексов (ИПК) позволяет не только обеспечить адгезию к слизистым оболочкам ротовой полости, но и получить пролонгированное высвобождение ЛВ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка носителей на основе интерполимерных комплексов с участием Carbopol® 971 NF и поли(2-этил-2-оксазолина) разных молекулярных масс для трансбуккальной доставки метформина (МФ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование адгезии ИПК проводилось на анализаторе текстуры TA.XTplus (Stable Micro Systems, Великобритания), в качестве субстрата использовали компакты муцина диаметром 13 мм, полученные путем прессования на ручном гидравлическом прессе для ИК-спектроскопии (PerkinElmer, США) при давлении 2,45 MПа. Исследование набухающей способности проводили помещением полимерных матриц в среду искуственной слюны при постоянном термостатировании при температуре 37,0 ± 0,5 °C в течение 5 часов. Исследование высвобождения метформина из матриц на основе соответствующих ИПК производилось на приборе DFZ II (ERWEKA, Германия) по методу USP IV «Проточная ячейка» с использованием ячеек для таблеток (22,6 мм) и адаптеров для изучения высвобождения мягких лекарственных форм – ЛФ (мазей, кремов, гелей) в среде, имитирующей слюнную жидкость. Оценка количества высвободившегося МФ проводилась УФ-спектрофотометрически на приборе Lambda 25 (PerkinElmer, США) при длине волны 232,8 нм.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При сравнительном исследовании мукоадгезивных свойств образцов полимеров компакты из ИПК показали сопоставимую с поли(2-этил-2-оксазолином (ПО) разных молекулярных масс (50 и 500 кДа) способность к мукоадгезии; в то же время компакты из физических смесей (ФС) полимеров и Carbopol® 971 NF (С971) уступают по показателю силы отрыва образцам ИПК, при этом ПО растворяются в среде искусственный слюны, то есть непригодны для трансбуккальных систем. За 5 часов эксперимента, по оценке набухающей способности, матрицы ИПК изменились незначительно, что может обеспечить их комфортное для пациента использование в качестве носителей для буккальной доставки. При оценке высвобождения ЛВ из матриц (при соотношении МФ/ИПК 1:0,5) наиболее полное высвобождение (более 90 %) происходит из обеих матриц ИПК по сравнению с матрицами ФС и индивидуальных полимеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Поликомплексные матричные системы на основе C971-ПО 50 кДа, C971-ПО 500 кДа являются подходящими для трансбуккальной доставки метформина.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Buccal drug delivery has a number of advantages over oral administration: ease of application, good blood supply to the buccal mucosa, drug can enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding the "first pass effect through the liver", and are not exposed to the acidic environment of the gastric juice and the destructive action of digestive enzymes. The use of interpolymer complexes (IPCs) makes it possible not only to ensure adhesion to the mucosal membranes of the oral cavity, but also to achieve a prolonged release of drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development of carriers based on interpolymer complexes using Carbopol® 971 NF (C971) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) of different molecular weights for buccal delivery of metformin (MF).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study of IPC adhesion was carried out using a TA.XTplus texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, UK); mucin compacts with a diameter of 13 mm were used as a substrate; these were prepared by compressing porcine gastric mucin powder using a manual hydraulic press for IR spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, USA) at a pressure of 2.45 MPa. The study of the swelling capacity was carried out by placing polymer matrices in an artificial saliva medium, with constant thermostating at a temperature of 37.0 ± 0.5 °C for 5 hours. The study of the release of MF from the matrices based on IPC was carried out using a DFZ II apparatus (Erweka, Germany) according to the Flow Through Cell method (USP IV) with cells for tablets (22.6 mm) and adaptors for ointments, creams and gels in a medium simulating saliva. The concentration of MF in the samples from the dissolution tests was determined with UV-spectrophotometry (Lambda, PerkinElmer, USA) at 232.8 nm.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In a comparative study of the mucoadhesive properties of polymer samples, IPC compacts showed a mucoadhesion capacity comparable to that of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline); at the same time, compacts from physical mixtures (PM) and C971 are inferior in terms of the separation force to IPC samples, however, POZes dissolve in an artificial saliva medium, that is, they are not suitable as dosage forms for buccal delivery. For 5 hours of the experiment to assess the swelling capacity, the IPC matrices did not change significantly, which can ensure their comfortable use as carriers for buccal delivery. When evaluating the release of metformin from polymer matrices (with weight ratio MF/IPC 1: 0.5), the most complete release (more than 90 %) is observed from both IPC matrices compared to matrices of PM and individual polymers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Polycomplex matrix systems based on C971-POZ (50 kDa) and C971-POZ (500 kDa) are suitable for buccal delivery of metformin.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интерполимерные комплексы</kwd><kwd>метформин</kwd><kwd>трансбуккальная доставка</kwd><kwd>Carbopol® 971 NF</kwd><kwd>полиоксазолины</kwd><kwd>адгезия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interpolymer complexes</kwd><kwd>metformin</kwd><kwd>buccal delivery</kwd><kwd>polyoxazoline</kwd><kwd>adhesion</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (научный проект № 20-75-00051). Авторы выражают благодарность компании ERWEKA GmbH за предоставленную возможность выполнения работы на приборе «Проточная ячейка» DFZ II, а также компании Lubrizol Advance Materials за предоставление образца полимера Carbopol® 971 NF.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) in the framework of research project № 20-75-00051 (to V.R.T.). The authors are also grateful to ERWEKA GmbH for the opportunity to work on the Flow Through Cell Apparatus DFZ II, and also to Lubrizol Advance Materials for providing Carbopol® 971 NF.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pather S. I., Rathbone M. J., Senel S. Current status and the future of buccal drug delivery systems. 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