Comparative Analysis of Quality of Essential Oil of Wormwood Herb Synanthropic Flora of Voronezh Region

Introduction. The formation and accumulation of biologically active substances in plants is a complex process associated with a number of environmental factors, including anthropogenic ones. The study of the characteristics of the qualitative composition of essential oil of wormwood grass of bitter different from the ecological point of view of the places of harvesting is relevant.

Aim. The aim of this study study of the qualitative composition of essential oil of bitter wormwood grass, harvested in areas of the Voronezh region that are different from an ecological point of view.

Materials and methods. In the Voronezh region, 4 points of raw materials procurement were selected, diverse in terms of anthropogenic impact. Isolation of essential oil from the raw materials was carried out according to the method of PS "Wormwood of bitter grass". Component composition of the obtained essential oils was determined using Agilent 7890B GC System (Agilent Technologies, USA) with Agilent 5977A MSD mass selective detector (Agilent Technologies, USA). Data analysis and processing was carried out on the basis of NIST11 databases (from 19.05.2011), MassHunter ver. B.06.00 and NIST MS Search ver. 2.0 software were used.

Results and discussion. In a sample of essential oil obtained from reserved raw materials, monoterpene compounds account for more than 82 %, and sesquiterpene compounds – 16.6 %, about 2 % are organic impurities. Intensive biosynthesis of monoterpenes was noted in a sample collected in the area of agricultural fields of the Verkhnekhavsky district, its mass fraction is more than 73 %. In samples of raw materials with anthropogenic load (OJSC "Minudobreniya" and Highway M4), the share of monoterpene compounds is significantly lower (63.7 and 49 %, respectively). The increase in the proportion of sesquiterpene compounds in the last samples of wormwood essential oil may be due to the excessive acidity of the urbanized places of the workpiece. The sesquiterpene compound hamazulene, which stains essential oil blue, is identified in only two samples of gorse grass wormwood harvested along agricultural fields and in M4 tracks, which explains the presence of a blue hue in these oils.

Conclusion. The chromato-mass spectrometric analysis of the essential oil of the studied samples of bitter wormwood grass made it possible to identify more than 70 different components in them, while the qualitative composition of the essential oil of the raw materials of different places of the workpiece was significantly different, which may indicate a significant influence of the place of growth of the species and anthropogenic factors on the features of the secondary metabolism of terpene compounds in the plant organism.

1. D’yakova N. A. Features of accumulation of biologically active substances in roots of common burdock synanthropic flora of Voronezh region. Traditional Medicine. 2021;2(65):47–52. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.54296/18186173_2021_2_47.

2. D’yakova N. A., Slivkin A. I., Gaponov S. P., SHishorina L. A., Bobina E. A., Velikanova L. A. Study of features of accumulation of flavonoids by grass of bitter pollen collected in various urban and agribiocenoses of the Voronezh Region. Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2020;23(7):15–21. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.29296/25877313-2020-07-03.

3. Bubenschikova W. N., D’yakova N. A., Gaponov S. P., Slivkin A. I. Assessment of radio nuclide pollution of medicinal vegetable raw materials in the Central Black-soil region on the example of the grass of the sage-brush bitter. Quality assurance of medicines. 2019;3(25):36–44. (In Russ.)

4. Korolyov A. S., Gladyshev A. A., Yutkina I. S. Features of accumulation of bioelements in the aerial part of Artemisia absinthium L. in the sludge field of a cryolite plant. News of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2014;5(49):159–161. (In Russ.)

5. D’yakova N. A. Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic by Medicinal Plant Raw Material of Bitter Hollow. News of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2020;4:445–453. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2020-20-4-445-453.

6. Severin A. P., Siplivaya L. E., Yacyuk V. Ya., CHulkov A. N., Novikov O. O., Zhilyakova E. T., Kochkarov V. I. On the complex use of wormwood (Аrtemisia absinthium L.) to obtain phytopreparations. Scientific statements of Belgorod State University. Series: Medicine. Pharmacy. 2011;4-2(99):134–137. (In Russ.)

7. Denisov I. V., Bukatin M. V. Effect of essential oil of wormwood on the emotional status of rats in a biological experiment. The successes of modern natural science. 2011;8:33. (In Russ.)

8. Karomatov I. D., Kahkhorova S. I. Herb the wormwood bitter – the chemical composition, medicinal properties. Biology and integrative medicine. 2018;9(26):84–101. (In Russ.)

9. Kurkin V. A. Pharmacognosy. Samara: Ofort; 2004. 1179 p. (In Russ.)

10. Buzuk G. N., El’yashevich E. G. Pharmacognostic characteristics of wormwood Artemisia absinthium L. Literature review. Herald of pharmacy. 2009;4(46):87–97. (In Russ.)

11. Torybaev Zh. S. Comparative analysis of methods for isolating biologically active substances on the example of wormwood and western arborvitae. Eurasian Scientific Association. 2020;7–3(65):146–148. (In Russ.)

12. Platonov V. V., Sukhikh G. T., Volochaeva M. V., Khadarsev A. A., Dunaeva I. V. Chemical composition of organic matter of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L., family Asteraceae). Bulletin of new medical technologies. Electronic edition. 2019;5:149–162. (In Russ.)

13. Martínez-Díaz R. A., Ibáñez-Escribano A., Burillo J., de Las Heras L., Del Prado G., Agulló-Ortuño M. T., Julio L. F., González-Coloma A. Trypanocidal, trichomonacidal and cytotoxic components of cultivated Artemisia absinthium Linnaeus (Asteraceae) essential oil. Memоrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2015;110(5):693–699. DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140129.

14. Mihajilov-Krstev T., Jovanovic B., Jovic J., Ilic B., Miladinovic D., Matejic J., Rajkovic J., Dortfevic L., Cvetkovic V., Zlatkovic B. Antimicrobial, antioxidative, and insect repellent effects of Artemisia absinthium essential oil. Planta Medica. 2014;80(18):1698–1705. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383182.

15. Monzote L., Pinon A., Sculli R., Setzer W. N. Chemistry and leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium from Cuba. Natural Product Communications. 2014;9(12):1799–1804. DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901236

16. Alyakin A. A., Efremov A. A., Angaskieva A. S., Grebennikova V. V. The chemical composition of the essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. growing on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Chemistry of plant raw materials. 2011;3:123–127. (In Russ.)

17. Hanina M. A., Seryh E. A., Pokrovskij L. M., Tkacheva A. V. New data on the chemical composition of Artemisia absinthium L. essential oil. Chemistry of plant raw materials. 2000;3:33–40. (In Russ.)

18. Rice-Evans C. A., Miller N. J., Papanga G. Structure – antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1996;20:933–956. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9.

19. Winkel-Shirley B. Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effect of stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2002;5:218–223. DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00256-X.

20. Loreto F., Schnitzler J. P. Abiotic stresses and induced biogenic volatile organic compounds. Trends in Plant Science. 2010;15(3):154–166. DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.12.006.

21. Ferdinando M. D., Brunetti C., Fini A., Tattini M. Flavonoids as Antioxidants in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses. In: Abiotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability. NY: Springer New York. 2012. P. 159–179. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0634-1_9.

22. Bayandina I. I., Zaguskaya Y. V. The relationship of secondary metabolism and chemical elements in medicinal plants. Siberian Medical Journal. 2014;8:107–111. (In Russ.)

23. State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Edition XIV. Volume 4. Moscow: FEMB; 2018. 1883 p. (In Russ.)

24. Tkachev A. V. Plant Volatile Substances Study. Novosibirsk: Ofset; 2008. 969 p. (In Russ.)

25. Adams R. P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream: Allured Publ. Corp.; 2007. 804 p.

26. Artyushina I. Yu., Verhovceva N. V. Changes in the component composition of a mixture of aromatic substances emitted by a rose, depending on the composition of the nutrient solution. Problemy agrohimii i ekologii. 2013;2:41–46. (In Russ.)

27. Hlypenko L. A., Logvinenko L. A., SHevchuk O. M., Fes’kov S. A., Marko N. V. Rare aromatic plants as a source of broad-spectrum essential oils. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo botanicheskogo sada. 2015;141:110–117. (In Russ.)