Влияние кетогенной диеты на липидный профиль у пациентов с сахарным диабетом второго типа

Введение. Сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2) входит в число наиболее распространенных заболеваний и основных причин смертности среди населения развитых стран. Это серьезная проблема общественного здравоохранения, и значимость ее растет: согласно оценкам, к 2025 году количество пациентов, страдающих этим заболеванием, превысит 380 миллионов.

Цель. Оценка влияния кетогенных диет на гликемический контроль пациентов с СД 2 типа в провинциях Киркук и Мосул.

Материалы и методы. С 01.09.2022 г. по 01.04.2023 г. в городах Мосул и Киркук проводилось исследование с целью оценки влияния кетогенной диеты (кетодиеты) на изменение уровня HbA1c и липидного профиля у пациентов с СД2.

Результаты и обсуждение. Исследование выявило следующее распределение пациентов по полу и возрасту: пациенты женского пола составили 46,3 %, мужского – 56,7 % от общего количества пациентов, при этом доля пациентов в возрасте старше 56 лет составила 30 % среди женщин и 60,7 % среди мужчин. Р-значение в оценке изменений уровня HbA1C до и после применения кетодиеты оказалось существенным (0.0001), так же как и в оценке изменений липидного профиля до и после проведения кетодиеты (0.001); в отношении общего уровня глицеридов p-значение также было существенным и достигало величины 0.002. Принимая во внимание большие размеры частиц ЛПНП, нами была выдвинута гипотеза о том, что возникновение кардиоваскулярных проблем вследствие повышения уровня ХС ЛПНП маловероятно. Для людей с диабетом второго типа кетогенная диета с очень низким содержанием углеводов (VLCKD) (менее 50 г в день) является безопасным, легко переносимым и широко признанным видом диетотерапии, помогающим изменить образ жизни и поведенческие привычки в течение четырех месяцев при применении в сочетании с интервенционной программой по снижению веса.

Заключение. Прослеживается хорошо заметная связь между кетогенной диетой и такими показателями больных сахарным диабетом, как уровень HbA1c и липидный профиль. Предполагается проведение дальнейших исследований с увеличением числа пациентов и продолжительности наблюдения.

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