Standardization of liquid aqueous-alcoholic extracts from sea buckthorn leaves

Introduction. Sea buckthorn leaves are currently used in pharmacy as a raw material for the production of the herbal medicinal product (HMP) "Giporamin" with antiviral action. The scientific literature contains data on preclinical trials of leaf extracts, confirming their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory activities, and there are also data on the potential properties of a hepatoprotector, which is associated with the phenolic, including flavonoid, fraction of the leaves. Therefore, studies of the possibility of additional ways of introducing the studied raw materials into practical pharmacy, as well as expanding the range of domestic HMPs containing a complex of biologically active substances (BAS) of leaves, for example, in the form of tinctures and liquid extracts based on leaves, with the development of methods for their standardization according to the target group of BAS should be considered relevant.

Aim. The aim of the study was to obtain and standardize aqueous-alcoholic extracts from sea buckthorn leaves.

Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted for extracts from dried leaves prepared as tinctures (1 : 5) obtained in various ways and liquid extract (1 : 1) according to standard pharmacopoeial methods. All the studied extracts were prepared from leaves harvested in 2024 in the Voronezh region, at the phenological phase of development corresponding to the stage of technical maturity of the fruits. Methods for the identification and quantitative determination of flavonoids using TLC and differential spectrophotometry were developed.

Results and discussion. According to the «Dry residue» indicator, the tincture obtained by fractional maceration showed the highest amount of extractive substances. The liquid extract demonstrated the highest yield of biologically active substances. The content of heavy metals did not exceed the standards recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The content of flavonoids was maximum in the liquid extract (1 : 1). From the point of view of the efficiency of using raw materials, the best form is the tincture obtained by the percolation method.

Conclusion. Experimental laboratory samples of liquid aqueous-alcoholic dosage forms based on sea buckthorn leaves (tinctures, liquid extract) were obtained, their standardization was carried out according to the parameters set out in the regulatory documentation, and methods for the quantitative determination of flavonoids were developed. The TLC method showed a different flavonoid composition of aqueous-alcoholic extracts, which contain from 11 to 18 biologically active substances of the flavonoid group. The highest content of flavonoids was noted for the liquid extract (1 : 1), which allows us to recommend this form as the optimal one among those studied.

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