Нормирование остаточных фосфорорганических пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье (обзор)

Введение. Использование фосфорорганических пестицидов (ФОП) в сельском хозяйстве, в том числе и при выращивании лекарственных растений – необходимая мера для получения стабильного урожая. Для поддержания высокого уровня безопасности фитопрепаратов в разных странах разработаны нормативные документы, которые регламентируют предельно допустимое содержание пестицидов (в том числе и фосфорорганических) в лекарственном растительном сырье (ЛРС) и методы их анализа.

Текст. Проведено информационно-аналитическое исследование пределов допустимого содержания ФОП в ЛРС и пищевой продукции, а также методов экстрагирования и анализа этой группы пестицидов в ГФ РФ XIV, международных фармакопеях, материалах ВОЗ и нормативной документации на пищевую продукцию. Приведена физико-химическая характеристика ФОП и основной механизм их токсического действия на организм человека. Показано, что ВЭЖХ-МС и ГХ-МС являются наиболее перспективными аналитическими методами определения ФОП в ЛРС.

Заключение. В информационно-аналитическом обзоре дана физико-химическая характеристика ФОП, описан токсический механизм действия данной группы пестицидов на человека, представлена обобщенная сводка пределов допустимого содержания ФОП в ЛРС и ряде пищевых источников. Выявлено, что в большинстве современных фармакопейных изданий нормирование содержания ФОП гармонизировано. Представлены современные способы обнаружения ФОП в ЛРС и пищевой продукции. Отмечено преимущество современного подхода нормирования ФОП в ЛРС – определение содержания индивидуального пестицида в сумме с его токсичными метаболитами. Ключевым вопросом является необходимость разработки чувствительных и селективных методик анализа ФОП в соответствии с физико-химическими свойствами данных групп пестицидов в различных видах ЛРС и фитопрепаратах.

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